The vascular wall, composed of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, is a dynamic and integrative organ. As the body's transport network, blood vessels connect various organs, facilitating material transport, immune defense, and the maintenance of physiological stability. They serve as the "lifeline" and "nutritional line" of the body, with vascular tension and structural homeostasis playing essential roles in sustaining normal physiological functions and supporting life processes. 

In response to physical, chemical, biological, and pathological stimuli, the vascular wall undergoes active structural changes, including cell growth, death, migration, phenotypic transformation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and infiltration of lipids and inflammatory cells. These changes, often accompanied by altered vascular tension, lead to vascular remodeling and functional abnormalities, forming the pathological basis of numerous vascular injuries. Dysfunction in the vasculature also contribute to diseases of major organs, including stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, aortic aneurysm/dissection, pulmonary hypertension, and renal vascular/glomerular diseases. 

In this Methods Collection, we present comprehensive research framework integrating approaches from basic science, clinical practice, imaging, engineering, and bioinformatics - each of which is crucial for understanding both the physiological mechanisms of vascular homeostasis and the pathological processes underlying vascular dysfunction. These methods include the isolation and culture of blood vessels of various sizes from multiple tissues, establishment of in vivo and in vitro vascular pathology models, measurement of vascular tension changes and associated intracellular signaling, single-cell multi-omics analyses of vascular tissues, as well as the cultivation of vascular organoids and construction of engineered blood vessels, among others.