Dendritic Cell Maturation
Dendritic Cell Maturation - Related Videos
03:47
Generation of Immature, Mature, and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Monocytes
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2025
This video demonstrates the generation of immature, mature, and tolerogenic dendritic cells, or DCs, from human monocytes. The incubation of monocytes with growth factors and cytokines leads to the production of immature DCs. In response to immune regulatory molecules, immature DCs differentiate into tolerogenic and mature DCs.
06:09
Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes
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Cited by 37 •
2016
Immature dendritic cells can be selectively differentiated into tolerogenic or mature dendritic cells to regulate the balance between immunity and tolerance. This work presents a means to generate from immature monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs), in vitro tolerogenic and mature moDCs that differ in metabolic phenotypes.
08:40
Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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Cited by 20 •
2013
The most commonly used method for generating large numbers of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) for use in tumor immunotherapy is described. The method uses IL-4 and GM-CSF to differentiate DCs from monocytes. The immature DCs are stimulated to mature and then loaded with antigens before they are injected back into the patient.
07:52
Analysis of Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Maturation and Migration during Allergic Airway Inflammation
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Cited by 1 •
2012
We describe a strategy to monitor maturation and migration of pulmonary dendritic cells in response to ovalbumin in the setting of ovalbumin induced allergic airway inflammation. This strategy can be modified to assess migration of pulmonary dendritic cells in settings of infection.
08:08
Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation
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Cited by 11 •
2011
We present our optimized high-throughput nucleofection protocol as an efficient way of transfecting primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells with either plasmid DNA or siRNA without causing cell maturation. We further provide evidence for successful siRNA silencing of targeted gene RIG-I at both the mRNA and protein levels.
FAQs
Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or inflammatory cytokines through pattern-recognition receptors initiates a coordinated functional shift. Dendritic cells decrease antigen uptake while increasing protein processing and the display of peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex molecules. They also raise co-stimulatory molecule expression, helping ensure that antigen recognition is accompanied by the signals needed for effective T-lymphocyte activation.
CCR7 links cellular activation to movement toward an appropriate immune-organ site. As dendritic cells mature, increased CCR7 expression supports their migration through lymphatic vessels to draining lymph nodes. This relocation places processed antigen and elevated presentation machinery in proximity to T lymphocytes, coordinating where antigen information is delivered rather than leaving activated cells confined to peripheral tissues.
The transition changes the balance between antigen acquisition and antigen communication. Immature cells are better suited to taking up material in tissues, whereas maturation reduces that uptake and emphasizes protein processing, peptide presentation, co-stimulation, and migration. These changes allow the cells to shift from sampling their environment toward directing a more effective adaptive immune response.
Several coordinated changes provide evidence of maturation: reduced antigen uptake, increased protein processing, greater expression of major histocompatibility complex and co-stimulatory molecules, and upregulation of CCR7. Examining these features together is more informative than relying on one marker alone because they represent distinct aspects of the transition, including function, communication, and movement toward draining lymph nodes.
Vaccine research must account for how antigen-presenting cells respond to danger-associated signals. Because maturation increases peptide presentation, co-stimulatory capacity, and access to lymph nodes, this pathway provides a biological connection between the material being detected and subsequent T-lymphocyte activation. Studying that connection helps researchers understand how vaccine-related signals can influence adaptive immune responses.
Dendritic cell maturation provides a framework for studying how innate sensing becomes an adaptive immune response. In infection research, it helps explain responses to pathogen-associated signals; in cancer immunotherapy, it informs efforts to promote antigen-directed immunity. The same pathway is also relevant to inflammatory and autoimmune disease, where altered immune activation may contribute to pathology.