Early B Cell Igm Expression
Early B Cell Igm Expression - Related Videos
10:16
Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
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Cited by 9 •
2016
We describe here a method to generate customizable antigen microarrays that can be used for the simultaneous detection of serum IgG and IgM autoantibodies from humans and mice. These arrays allow for high-throughput and quantitative detection of antibodies against any antigens or epitopes of interest.
11:10
Antibody Binding Specificity for Kappa (Vκ) Light Chain-containing Human (IgM) Antibodies: Polysialic Acid (PSA) Attached to NCAM as a Case Study
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Cited by 2 •
2016
We present a protocol to identify protein moieties containing antigens for human and mouse IgM antibodies with specific kappa (Vκ) light chains. This protocol is not limited to IgM class antibodies but applies to all immunoglobulin isotypes that target their antigen with sufficiently high affinity during immunoprecipitations.
10:34
Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Cited by 2 •
2010
This procedure describes a quick and easy workflow to introduce siRNA into difficult to transfect cell lines and follow gene expression by real-time PCR. Use of an automated cell counter, multi-well electroporation plate, and automated electrophoresis station provide quick and reliable results without the need for expensive robotic handling.
08:22
Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production
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2020
Here we describe a method for retroviral overexpression and adoptive transfer of murine B-1a cells to examine in vivo B-1a cell migration and localization. This protocol can be extended for diverse downstream functional assays including quantification of donor B-1a cell localization or analysis of donor cell-derived secreted factors post-adoptive transfer.
01:58
Cell Specific Gene Expression
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2020
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
FAQs
The pre-BCR provides an intermediate developmental checkpoint after a functional immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene has been produced. Its μ heavy chain pairs with surrogate light chains, allowing the developing B cell to proceed toward pairing with a conventional light chain. This sequence connects receptor assembly with selection, survival, and subsequent B-cell maturation.
V(D)J recombination creates the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene, which supplies the antigen-recognition component of the receptor. If this rearrangement produces a functional heavy chain, it can enter the pre-BCR stage and later pair with a conventional light chain. Early surface expression therefore indicates successful progress through this genetic assembly step.
Surrogate light chains support the earlier pre-BCR stage, whereas conventional light chains enable formation of the mature membrane-associated IgM receptor. This replacement marks a change in receptor composition during B-cell development. The resulting surface complex provides evidence that heavy- and light-chain assembly has advanced beyond the preliminary checkpoint toward selection and maturation.
Pre-BCR formation occurs when the μ heavy chain is paired with surrogate light chains, before conventional light-chain pairing. Early B cell IgM expression follows this intermediate stage when membrane-bound IgM can be formed. Distinguishing these stages helps investigators identify where receptor assembly, developmental selection, or maturation may be altered.
The measurement provides an indicator of progress through early B-cell development and receptor assembly. It can help determine whether cells have successfully produced a functional heavy chain, completed pairing with a conventional light chain, and reached a surface-IgM stage associated with selection and maturation. These findings support analysis of lymphocyte development and receptor signaling.
Altered expression can point to disruption in the developmental sequence that connects V(D)J recombination, pre-BCR formation, conventional light-chain pairing, and surface receptor display. Investigators can use this developmental readout to examine immune deficiencies, receptor-signaling problems, or abnormal B-cell states. The result links a measurable cell-surface feature with underlying lymphocyte biology.