Histological Examination
Histological Examination - Related Videos
10:22
Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse
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Cited by 29 •
2017
Echocardiographic examination is frequently used in mice. Expensive high-resolution ultrasound devices have been developed for this purpose. This protocol describes an affordable echocardiographic procedure combined with histological morphometric analyses to determine cardiac morphology.
06:07
Histological Examination of Mitochondrial Morphology in a Parkinson's Disease Model
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Cited by 3 •
2023
This study presents a method to analyze the morphology of mitochondria based on immunostaining and image analysis in mouse brain tissue in situ. It also describes how this allows one to detect changes in mitochondrial morphology induced by protein aggregation in Parkinson's disease models.
05:15
Isolation of Intact Eyeball to Obtain Integral Ocular Surface Tissue for Histological Examination and Immunohistochemistry
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Cited by 3 •
2019
This protocol describes a method for the isolation of the mouse eyeball with eyelid, ocular surface, anterior and posterior segments in relatively intact position.
08:55
Histological Staining of Neural Tissue
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2023
In order to examine the cellular, structural and molecular layout of tissues and organs, researchers use a method known as histological staining. In this technique, a tissue of interest is preserved using chemical fixatives and sectioned, or cut into very thin slices. A variety of staining techniques are then applied to provide contrast to the visually uniform sections. In the study of neuroanatomy, histological techniques are frequently applied to visualize and study nervous system tissue.
07:44
Ophthalmoscopic Examination
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2023
Source: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA The simplest ophthalmoscopes consist of an aperture to look through, a diopter indicator, and a disc for selecting lenses. The ophthalmoscope is primarily used to examine the fundus, or the inner wall of the posterior eye, which consists of the choroid, retina, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels (Figure 1). The spherical eyeball...
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Fixation preserves tissue morphology so that cellular relationships and injury-related changes remain available for study. Embedding then supports the tissue during sectioning, allowing thin slices to be produced for microscopic examination. If structure is not preserved through these stages, evidence of inflammation, cellular organization, or disease-related damage may become more difficult to interpret reliably.
Routine stains enhance general cellular and tissue features, helping investigators assess morphology and structural changes. Immunohistochemical stains add molecular specificity by using antibodies to bind selected antigens, thereby localizing particular microbial or host markers within the tissue. This distinction allows examination to connect overall pathology with the distribution of defined biological targets.
Spatial localization shows where leukocytes, tissue damage, granulomas, or microbial and host markers occur relative to one another. That arrangement can link an immune response to a specific site of pathology rather than treating the tissue as a uniform sample. In infection research, this context helps characterize how affected sites are organized and altered.
A typical workflow proceeds from fixation to embedding, followed by sectioning into thin slices, staining, and examination by light microscopy. Each stage prepares the specimen for the next: preservation maintains morphology, embedding enables sectioning, and staining makes cellular features easier to distinguish. Immunohistochemical staining can be added when antigen localization is required.
The examination can reveal leukocyte infiltration, tissue damage, and granuloma formation, as well as the distribution of microbial or host markers. These findings provide spatial evidence of how inflammation and infection relate to tissue structure. Together, they support disease characterization by showing both the affected morphology and the biological signals present at those sites.
By documenting tissue injury, inflammatory patterns, granulomas, and localized microbial or host markers, histological examination provides evidence for disease characterization and diagnosis. The same observations can be compared in treatment studies to assess tissue-level outcomes. Its value comes from linking an intervention or disease process with visible changes in tissue organization and immune response.