Lung Mechanics
Lung Mechanics - Related Videos
11:10
Micro-Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Cited by 127 •
2011
The stiffness of the extracellular matrix strongly influences multiple behaviors of adherent cells. Matrix stiffness varies spatially throughout a tissue, and undergoes modification in various disease conditions. Here we develop methods to characterize spatial variations in stiffness in normal and fibrotic mouse lung tissue using atomic force microscopy microindentation.
07:32
Mouse Embryonic Lung Culture, A System to Evaluate the Molecular Mechanisms of Branching
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Cited by 32 •
2010
Early embryonic lung organ culture is a very useful system to study epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Both epithelial and mesenchymal morphogenesis proceeds under specific conditions that can be readily manipulated in this system.
07:06
A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation
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Cited by 50 •
2013
This paper describes a striaghforward and efficient method of intubating mice for pulmonary function measurements or pulmonary instillation, that allows the mice to recover and be studied at later times. The procedure involves an inexpensive fiberoptic light source that directly illuminates the trachea.
08:59
Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program
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Cited by 27 •
2015
Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) has allowed lung transplantation in humans to become more readily available by enabling the ability to assess organs and expand the donor pool. Here, we describe the development of a rat EVLP program and refinements that allow for a reproducible model for future expansion.
01:47
Lung Capacity
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2019
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures. There are four defined lung volume measures: tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath. Inspiratory...
FAQs
Diaphragm contraction lowers pleural pressure during inspiration, increasing the pressure difference across the lung, known as the transpulmonary pressure gradient. This gradient supplies the distending force that expands lung tissue and permits air entry. Evaluating this relationship helps explain how respiratory muscle activity is translated into changes in lung volume during normal breathing.
Compliance describes how readily the lungs stretch when pressure changes, whereas airway resistance describes how strongly the airways oppose airflow. A change in compliance primarily alters the pressure needed to produce a given volume change, while resistance has a particularly important effect on airflow during expiration. Separating these properties improves interpretation of pressure and flow measurements.
Pressure-volume relationships show how changes in pressure correspond to changes in lung volume. Their pattern provides information about the mechanical behavior of the respiratory system, including how readily the lungs expand. In medicine, these relationships support assessment of abnormal mechanics and help connect measured respiratory behavior with diseases such as emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis.
Clinical assessment can include pressure-volume relationships, respiratory system compliance, and airway resistance. Together, these measurements examine distensibility, volume response, and opposition to airflow rather than relying on a single indicator. Comparing the results helps clinicians characterize respiratory function, interpret altered breathing mechanics, and identify findings relevant to conditions including asthma, emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis.
Mechanical ventilation uses lung-mechanics principles to select airway pressures that support lung expansion without imposing unnecessary mechanical stress. Pressure and compliance information can help clinicians judge whether ventilation is producing adequate lung expansion or excessive distension. This approach is intended to reduce risks associated with overdistension while also avoiding inadequate lung expansion during assisted breathing.
Measurements of compliance, resistance, and pressure-volume behavior provide different mechanical perspectives on respiratory disease. These data can help clinicians interpret abnormalities associated with asthma, emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis, although the conditions may affect measurements in different ways. Using several measurements together gives a more informative assessment than considering airflow, pressure, or volume alone.