Name: plant water transport pathways
Uploaded: 2026-08-26T08:20:31.373Z
Duration: 2 min 6 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.7

The Apoplast and Symplast

Bitkiler topraktan su ve &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nm&#xFC;&#x15F; mineralleri al&#x131;r ve bu kaynaklar&#x131; uzaktaki dokulara ta&#x15F;&#x131;r.
 Kaynaklar iki ayr&#x131; b&#xF6;l&#xFC;me girer ve hareket eder: apoplast ve semplast.
 Apoplast, h&#xFC;cre duvarlar&#x131; ve h&#xFC;creler aras&#x131;ndaki hava bo&#x15F;luklar&#x131; gibi s&#xFC;rekli bir h&#xFC;cre d&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; bo&#x15F;luk sistemidir.
Su, gazlar ve mineraller plazma membranlar&#x131;n&#x131; ge&#xE7;meden apoplast i&#xE7;inden serbest&#xE7;e ve pasif olarak hareket eder.
 Bitki h&#xFC;creleri ayr&#x131;ca pH&#x27;daki de&#x11F;i&#x15F;iklikler nedeniyle a&#x15F;&#x131;r&#x131; protonlar&#x131; apoplast i&#xE7;erisine salg&#x131;layabilir.
 Ek olarak, k&#xF6;kte apoplast i&#xE7;ine giren kimyasallar toksinleri ba&#x11F;layan ve salg&#x131;layan molek&#xFC;llerin salg&#x131;lanmas&#x131;n&#x131; tetikleyebilir.
Bitki h&#xFC;crelerinin sitoplazmas&#x131;, semplast ad&#x131; verilen ba&#x15F;ka bir s&#xFC;rekli sistem olu&#x15F;turur.
 Kom&#x15F;u bitki h&#xFC;creleri, su ve k&#xFC;&#xE7;&#xFC;k molek&#xFC;llerin bir h&#xFC;creden di&#x11F;erine ge&#xE7;mesine izin veren kanallarla ba&#x11F;lan&#x131;r.
 Birbirine ba&#x11F;l&#x131; bitki h&#xFC;crelerinin s&#xFC;reklili&#x11F;i, hormonlar gibi sinyal molek&#xFC;llerinin ta&#x15F;&#x131;nmas&#x131;n&#x131; kolayla&#x15F;t&#x131;r&#x131;r.
&#xD6;rne&#x11F;in, sitokinin hormonu, h&#xFC;cre proliferasyonunu d&#xFC;zenlemek i&#xE7;in semptom boyunca serbest&#xE7;e hareket eder.
 Semplast ayr&#x131;ca bitki patojenlerine kar&#x15F;&#x131; savunma tepkilerini aktive eden k&#xFC;&#xE7;&#xFC;k RNA&#x27;lar i&#xE7;in bir kanald&#x131;r.
 Kaynaklar genellikle tesis i&#xE7;indeki hem apoplastik hem de sempatik yollarda seyahat eder.
&#xD6;rne&#x11F;in, k&#xF6;kler taraf&#x131;ndan al&#x131;nan mineraller, k&#xF6;kten ayr&#x131;lmak ve di&#x11F;er bitki dokular&#x131;na seyahat etmek i&#xE7;in se&#xE7;ici olarak ge&#xE7;irgen bir zar&#x131; en az bir kez ge&#xE7;melidir.

Martinoia, Enrico, Agnes Massonneau ve Nathalie Frangne. "Çözünen maddelerin yüksek bitkilerin vakuolar zarı boyunca taşınma süreçleri." Bitki ve Hücre Fizyolojisi 41, hayır. 11 (2000): 1175-1186. [<a href="https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article/41/11/1175/1861104">Kaynak</a>]

apoplast ve simplast

Bitki b&#xFC;y&#xFC;mesi, topraktan su ve &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nm&#xFC;&#x15F; mineralleri alma yetene&#x11F;ine ba&#x11F;l&#x131;d&#x131;r. Her bitkinin k&#xF6;k sistemi, su ve &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nen maddelerin giri&#x15F;ini kolayla&#x15F;t&#x131;rmak i&#xE7;in gerekli dokularla donat&#x131;lm&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Su ve minerallerin ta&#x15F;&#x131;nmas&#x131;nda rol oynayan bitki dokular&#x131;n&#x131;n iki ana b&#xF6;lmesi vard&#x131;r - apoplast ve simplast. Apoplast, canl&#x131; h&#xFC;crelerin plazma zar&#x131;n&#x131;n d&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131;ndaki her &#x15F;eyi i&#xE7;erir ve h&#xFC;cre duvarlar&#x131;, h&#xFC;cre d&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; bo&#x15F;luklar, ksilem, floem ve trakeitlerden olu&#x15F;ur. Bunun aksine, simplast, canl&#x131; bitki h&#xFC;crelerinin t&#xFC;m sitozol&#xFC;nden ve h&#xFC;creleri birbirine ba&#x11F;layan sitoplazmik kanallar olan plazmodezmatadan olu&#x15F;ur.

Molek&#xFC;llerin bitki dokular&#x131;nda hareket etmeleri i&#xE7;in birka&#xE7; potansiyel yol vard&#x131;r: Apoplastik, simplastik veya transmembran yollar. Apoplastik yol, suyun ve &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nm&#xFC;&#x15F; minerallerin h&#xFC;cre duvarlar&#x131; ve h&#xFC;cre d&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; bo&#x15F;luklar boyunca hareketini i&#xE7;erir. Simplastik rotada, su ve &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nen maddeler sitozol boyunca hareket eder. Bu yola girdikten sonra, materyallerin h&#xFC;creden kom&#x15F;u h&#xFC;creye ge&#xE7;erken plazma zar&#x131;n&#x131; ge&#xE7;mesi gerekir ve bunu plazmodesmata arac&#x131;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;yla yaparlar. Alternatif olarak, transmembran yolda, &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nm&#xFC;&#x15F; mineraller ve su, h&#xFC;cre duvar&#x131;n&#x131; ge&#xE7;erek bir h&#xFC;creden &#xE7;&#x131;k&#x131;p di&#x11F;erine girerek h&#xFC;creden h&#xFC;creye hareket eder. Bu &#xFC;&#xE7; yol birbirinden ba&#x11F;&#x131;ms&#x131;z de&#x11F;ildir ve baz&#x131; &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nen maddeler, birden fazla yol kullanabilir.

Bir ba&#x15F;ka potansiyel yol da koful yola&#x11F;&#x131;d&#x131;r, ancak bu yol &#xE7;o&#x11F;unlukla su molek&#xFC;l&#xFC; hareketiyle s&#x131;n&#x131;rl&#x131;d&#x131;r. Burada su, bitki h&#xFC;crelerinin kofulundan ozmoz yoluyla hareket eder. Mekanizma simplastik yola benzer, ancak ta&#x15F;&#x131;ma sitozol ile s&#x131;n&#x131;rl&#x131; olmak yerine, su kofullardan ge&#xE7;er. Ayr&#x131;ca, kofular ta&#x15F;&#x131;ma, &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nen madde al&#x131;m&#x131;na enerji veren iki proton pompas&#x131; (ATPaz ve PPaz) taraf&#x131;ndan kolayla&#x15F;t&#x131;r&#x131;l&#x131;r. Kofullar ayr&#x131;ca su ve glikoz ve s&#xFC;kroz gibi &#xE7;&#xF6;z&#xFC;nen maddelerin ta&#x15F;&#x131;nmas&#x131;na kat&#x131;lan &#xF6;zel ta&#x15F;&#x131;ma proteinlerinden (aquaporinler) olu&#x15F;ur.

Apoplast ve Simplast

Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary ...

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Education

JoVE Core

Biology

Biyoloji

Plant Biology

Bitki Biyolojisi

Plant Structure, Growth and Function

Bitki Yapısı, Büyümesi ve Beslenmesi

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

plant water transport pathways

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast.

The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that connect one cell to the next.

Water and solutes can move through plants by the apoplastic, symplastic, or transmembrane pathway. In the apoplastic pathway, materials travel along cell walls and extracellular spaces. In the symplastic route, they move through the cytosol and pass between neighboring cells through plasmodesmata.

The transmembrane pathway moves dissolved minerals and water from cell to cell by crossing the cell wall as they leave one cell and enter the next. These pathways are not mutually exclusive, and some solutes may use more than one route to different degrees. A fourth option, the vacuolar pathway, is mostly used for water movement.

In the vacuolar pathway, water moves through plant cell vacuoles by osmosis. This route works in a way that is similar to the symplastic pathway, but the water passes through vacuoles instead of staying limited to the cytosol. Vacuolar transport is supported by two proton pumps, ATPase and PPase, and by aquaporins, which are specialized transport proteins that help move water and solutes such as glucose and sucrose.

Plant Water Transport Pathways

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water and mineral acquisition

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short-distance transport of resources

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xylem and transpiration-driven transport of resources

xylem-and-transpiration-driven-transport-of-resources

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regulation of transpiration by stomata

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the apoplast and symplast

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that...

key terms and concepts

Learn how plants move water and minerals through the apoplast, symplast, transmembrane route, and vacuolar pathway in roots and cells.

Plant Water Transport Pathways | JoVE K12

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Plant Water Transport Pathways

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