Name: hydrogen bonding and dna stability
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:54.000Z
Duration: 1 min 4 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Physical Science

SC.912.P.8

SC.912.P.8.6

Hydrogen Bonds

Bir hidrojen bağı, bir hidrojen atomu ile yalnız bir elektron çifti olan bir elektronegatif atom arasındaki moleküller arası bir elektrostatik çekimdir.
Hidrojen florür veya HF, amonyak veyaNH3 ve su veyaH2Ogibi polar bir molekülde flor, nitrojen veya oksijen atomu hidrojenden daha elektronegatiftir.
Daha elektronegatif atom, bağ elektron çiftlerini hidrojenden daha güçlü bir şekilde çeker. Bu, bağda eşit olmayan elektron dağılımına neden olur, elektronegatif atoma kısmi bir negatif yük ve hidrojen atomuna kısmi bir pozitif yük verir.
Hidrojen atomu üzerindeki kısmi pozitif yük, çevresindeki bir elektronegatif atomun bağlı olmayan elektron çiftini çekerek bir hidrojen bağı oluşturmasını sağlar.
Hidrojen bağları, DNA da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli biyolojik moleküllere yapısal stabilite sağlar.

hidrojen bağları

Bir hidrojen bağı, zayıf pozitif yüklü bir hidrojen atomunun zaten bir elektronegatif atoma (örneğin, su molekülündeki oksijen) bağlı olduğu ve başka bir polar molekül olan su (H_2O), hidrojen florür (HF) veya amonyak (NH_3) gibi başka bir elektronegatif atoma çekildiği zaman oluşur. H atomu ile bağlandığı atom arasındaki büyük elektronegatiflik farkı (bir F atomu için 4.0, bir O atomu için 3.5 veya bir N atomu için 3.0) ve H atomunun çok küçük boyutu, hidrojen atomu ve elektronegatif atom arasında yüklerin eşit olmayan şekilde dağılmasına neden olur. Bu, hidrojen atomunun kısmen pozitif ve elektronegatif atomun kısmen negatif hale gelmesine yol açar. Bu nedenle, F-H, O-H veya N-H gruplarına sahip moleküller, yakındaki moleküllerin benzer grupları tarafından güçlü bir şekilde çekilir ve hidrojen bağı adı verilen özellikle güçlü bir diyopl-diyopl çekim oluşturur.

Hidrojen bağları, sıvılar ve katıların özellikleri üzerinde belirgin bir etkiye sahiptir. Örneğin, metilaminin (CH_3NH_2) erime noktası ve kaynama noktası, boyut ve kütle bakımından benzer olan etan (CH_3CH_3) den daha yüksektir. Etandan farklı olarak, metilaminin molekülleri arasındaki aramoleküler kuvvetleri artırmak için hidrojen bağları oluşturmasını sağlayan bir -NH grubu bulunmaktadır, bu da sonunda erime ve kaynama noktalarını yükseltir.

Hidrojen bağları, DNA gibi doğal dünyada yaygın olarak bulunur ve her organizmada bulunan genetik bilgiyi içerir. DNA'daki her baz çifti, üç hidrojen bağı aracılığıyla hidrojen bağı oluşturur. Bu tamamlayıcı baz çiftleşmesi, DNA çift sarmal yapısının şekline ve kararlılığına katkıda bulunur.

Bu metin,<a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/">Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 2.2: Chemical Bonds</a> and <a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/">Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section 10.1: Intermolecular Forces </a>

Hidrojen Bağları

Zayıf pozitif bir hidrojen atomu zaten bir elektronegatif atoma (örneğin, su molekülündeki oksijen) bağlandığında bir hidrojen bağı oluşur ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomi ve Fizyoloji

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Kimyanın Temelleri

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

hydrogen bonding and dna stability

Hydrogen bonding helps explain why some molecules stick together more strongly than others. A hydrogen bond forms when a weakly positive hydrogen atom, already bonded to an electronegative atom, is attracted to another electronegative atom on a nearby polar molecule. Common examples include water, hydrogen fluoride, and ammonia.

This attraction happens because hydrogen has a much lower electronegativity than atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen. The electronegativity difference, along with hydrogen’s very small size, creates an uneven charge. The hydrogen becomes partially positive, and the electronegative atom becomes partially negative. Molecules with F-H, O-H, or N-H groups can then form a strong dipole-dipole attraction called a hydrogen bond.

Hydrogen bonding can change the properties of liquids and solids. For example, methylamine has a higher melting point and boiling point than ethane, even though the two molecules are similar in size and mass. The difference is that methylamine has an -NH group, which lets it form hydrogen bonds and strengthens the intermolecular forces between its molecules.

Hydrogen bonds are also important in living things. DNA, which carries genetic information in every organism, relies on hydrogen bonding between base pairs. Each base pair is held together by three hydrogen bonds. This complementary pairing helps give DNA its double helix shape and supports its stability.

Hydrogen Bonding and DNA Stability

what is matter?

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the periodic table and organismal elements

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chemical symbols

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electron behavior

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ionic bonds

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covalent bonds

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hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen bonding helps explain why some molecules stick together more strongly than others. A hydrogen bond forms when a weakly positive hydrogen atom, already bonded to an electronegative atom, is attracted to another electronegative atom on a nearby polar molecule. Common examples include water, hydrogen fluoride, and ammonia. This attraction happens because hydrogen has a much lower electronegativity than atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen. The electronegativity difference, along...

ions, molecules, and compounds

Atomic Charges, Bonds, and Compounds

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colloids and suspensions

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key terms and concepts

Learn how hydrogen bonding forms, why it strengthens intermolecular forces, and how it helps raise boiling points and stabilize DNA.

Hydrogen Bonding and DNA Stability | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomi ve Fizyoloji, insan vücudunun anatomik ve fizyolojik ayrıntılarını kapsamlı, net ve ilgi çekici video animasyonlarıyla sergiliyor. Bu ders koleksiyonu insan vücudunun yapıları, bileşenleri, işlevleri ve gereksinimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu bilginin gerçek dünyadaki tıp ve araştırma ortamlarında uygulanmasını gösteren eylem halindeki bilim insanıvideolarıyla tamamlanmaktadır.

Classifying Matter by State

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, ...

States of Matter

Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and ...

States of Matter and Phase Changes

The internal energy of a substance&#8212;the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces&#8212;depends ...

molecular-comparison-of-gases-liquids-and-solids

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no ...

Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter.

SC.912.P.8.1

physical-and-chemical-properties-of-matter

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.

Physical Properties of Matter

A physical property is ...

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance&#39;s state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the ...

phase-transitions-vaporization-and-condensation

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Vapor Pressure

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Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor depends on the temperature of the system; a rise in temperature causes a corresponding rise in the vapor ...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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phase-transitions-sublimation-and-deposition

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and ...

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance&#8212;isolated from its environment&#8212;is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance ...

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. ...

SC.912.P.8.2

The Atomic Theory of Matter

The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter ...

Subatomic Particles

Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller ...

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The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms ...

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Interference and Diffraction

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Photoelectric Effect

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The Bohr Model

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Emission Spectra

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The de Broglie Wavelength

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The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that ...

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing changes in the atomic model over time and why those changes were necessitated by experimental evidence.

SC.912.P.8.3

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is ...

Ions and Ionic Charges

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The Periodic Table

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Atomic Mass

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Atomic Number and Mass Number

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Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing the structure of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, and differentiate among these particles in terms of their mass, electrical charges and locations within the atom.

SC.912.P.8.4

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their ...

Electron Configurations

Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest ...

Electronic Structure of Atoms


An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central&#160;core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the ...

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in ...

atomic-radii-and-effective-nuclear-charge

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number ...

Atomic Orbitals

An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution ...

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that ...

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are ...

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and ...

electron-configuration-of-multielectron-atoms

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the ...

Relate properties of atoms and their position in the periodic table to the arrangement of their electrons.

SC.912.P.8.5

Types of Chemical Bonds

Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert&#xA0;N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and ...

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence ...

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual ...

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Dr&#xFC;de called the ...

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular ...

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions ...

Distinguish between bonding forces holding compounds together and other attractive forces, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.

A. A working definition of matter is that it takes up space, has mass, and has measurable properties. Matter is comprised of atomic, subatomic, and elementary particles.

B. Electrons are key to defining chemical and some physical properties, reactivity, and molecular structures. Repeating (periodic) patterns of physical and chemical properties occur among elements that define groups of elements with similar properties. The periodic table displays the repeating patterns, which are related to the atom's outermost electrons. Atoms bond with each other to form compounds.

C. In a chemical reaction, one or more reactants are transformed into one or more new products. Many factors shape the nature of products and the rates of reaction. 

D. Carbon-based compounds are building-blocks of known life forms on earth and numerous useful natural and synthetic products.

Hydrogen Bonding and DNA Stability

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