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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

Core Optical Imaging Facility, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA)

 

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Cite this Article: Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

Centonze Frohlich, V. Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy. J. Vis. Exp. (18), e844, doi:10.3791/844 (2008).

Abstract: Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

Phase-contrast microscopy is often used to produce contrast for transparent, non light-absorbing, biological specimens. The technique was discovered by Zernike, in 1942, who received the Nobel prize for his achievement. DIC microscopy, introduced in the late 1960s, has been popular in biomedical research because it highlights edges of specimen structural detail, provides high-resolution optical sections of thick specimens including tissue cells, eggs, and embryos and does not suffer from the phase halos typical of phase-contrast images. This protocol highlights the principles and practical applications of these microscopy techniques.

Protocol: Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

The complete text protocol for this experimental approach is available in Current Protocols in Cell Biology.

Disclosures: Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements: Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

Several video clips demonstrating phase contrast and DIC microscopy were taken from another video-article, entitled Layers of Symbiosis.  JoVE graciously acknowledges this contribution made by the Leadbetter lab. 

Ask the Author: Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

8 Comments

how much will each cost

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Posted by: abrahamSeptember 15, 2008, 1:23 PM

The systems vary widely to correlate with your needs.  I would be happy to help you further. 631-547-8501, Ned Jastromb, Product Manager, Nikon Instruments, Inc.

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Posted by: jastrombSeptember 16, 2008, 11:15 AM

Excellent - I'm definitely going to use this for my students, who are from a mixed background (biologists, physicists, chemists, engineers).

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Posted by: Dr. Una FitzGeraldSeptember 18, 2008, 8:40 AM

I've seen that there we're colored images obtained using the DIC microscopy that looks like a 3-D image. Is there an approximation using DIC to measure the depth or height difference by just interpreting color differences?

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Posted by: KisutoMay 27, 2009, 7:42 AM

I've seen that there we're colored images obtained using the DIC microscopy that looks like a 3-D image. Is there an approximation using DIC to measure the depth or height difference by just interpreting color differences?

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Posted by: KisutoMay 27, 2009, 7:59 AM

In article abstract, the phase-contrast microscopy is claimed to have been invented in 1942. This is incorrect. The origins of phase-contrast date back to 1934 (not a microscopy yet) and 1935 (microscopy):

Zernike F. (1934)
Diffraction theory of the knife-edge test and its improved form, the phase-contrast method.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 94 (5), 377-3­84 (originally published in Dutch).
(http://esoads.eso.org/journals_service.html)

Zernike F. (1935)
Phase-contrast method in microscopical observation (in German).
Physikalische Zeitschrift 36 (22/23): 848-851
Zeitschrift für Technische Physik 16 (11): 454-457
(two identical papers)

Furthermore, the following reports (published when Zernike was only 16 or 17 years old) utilize, in a way, the principle of phase-contrast microscopy, even though only for absorbing (i.e., not phase) objects:

Rheinberg J. (1904 and 1905)
On the influence on images of gratings of phase differences amongst their spectra.
J. Roy. Microsc. Soc.; volumes-not-numbered (Part 4), 388-390; and (Part 2), 152-155.
(www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7413)

Conrady A. (1905)
An experimental proof of phase reversal in diffraction spectra.
J. Roy. Microsc. Soc.; volume-not-numbered (Part 2), 150-152.
(www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7413)

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Posted by: Radek PelcMay 4, 2010, 11:14 AM

Your presentation is excellent and locked in my neurons , the corresponding text in books do not give that effect

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Posted by: Brajendra Kumar SinhaNovember 12, 2011, 10:19 PM

Nice video.
I may be mistaken, but one of the images (around 3:47) shown as DIC appears to be phase contrast.
Also, when mentioning setting up Koehler illumination during DIC (around 4:30), the video shows the alignment of phase rings. This is not needed (since you do not need to see the back focal plane of the microscope to establish Koehler) nor, in fact, what would be observed when setting up Koehler for DIC (there would be no phase annulus in the condenser if it is set up for DIC).

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Posted by: Eric RobertsDecember 7, 2011, 10:36 AM

The video explained well what i was trying to learn in detail....
it is really nice
Thanks

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Posted by: ThesmiApril 5, 2012, 2:35 AM

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