Presomitic Mesoderm
Presomitic Mesoderm - Related Videos
10:41
Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells
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Cited by 8 •
2014
Somitogenesis is a rhythmic developmental process that spatially patterns the body axis of vertebrate embryos. Previously, we developed transgenic zebrafish lines that use fluorescent reporters to observe the cyclic genes that drive this process. Here, we culture dispersed cells from these lines and image their oscillations over time in vitro.
11:52
Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
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2017
The segmentation clock drives oscillatory gene expression across the pre-somitic mesoderm (PSM). Dynamic Notch activity is key to this process. We use imaging and computational analyses to extract temporal dynamics from spatial expression data to demonstrate that Delta ligand and Notch receptor expression oscillate in the vertebrate PSM.
04:19
Deriving Human Kidney Podocytes from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Procedure for Directed Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Stem Cells
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2023
In this video, we describe the protocol to derive human kidney podocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells through cell differentiation under defined chemical conditions. The generated podocytes can be used for nephrotoxicity testing and disease modeling.
11:53
Primary Endodermal Epithelial Cell Culture from the Yolk Sac Membrane of Japanese Quail Embryos
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Cited by 6 •
2016
To study the mechanism of lipid utilization in yolk sac membranes during the late stages of avian embryonic development, we established a primary Japanese quail embryonic endodermal epithelial cell culture system.
08:04
Application of Impermeable Barriers Combined with Candidate Factor Soaked Beads to Study Inductive Signals in the Chick
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2016
Protocols using impermeable barriers to block induction events between tissues of the main body axis and flank in the chick embryo required for limb formation are described. Beads soaked in candidate inductive signals are used to overcome the effect of barrier placement and analysis of gene expression confirms this.
FAQs
The segmentation clock consists of oscillating gene-expression networks whose activity is coordinated with a maturation wavefront in presomitic mesoderm. Their interaction converts temporal fluctuations into repeated divisions along the body axis. This coordination is central to producing epithelial somites at regular intervals, rather than allowing the tissue to remain unsegmented.
The maturation wavefront is important because segmentation does not depend on oscillatory gene expression alone. In presomitic mesoderm, the clock and wavefront operate as linked features: one provides repeated molecular oscillations, while the other marks maturation across the tissue. Their interaction enables periodic epithelial somite formation along the body axis.
After epithelial somites form, they differentiate into sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome derivatives. This transition connects the initial segmentation pattern to the later organization of vertebral, rib, skeletal muscle, and connective tissues. Consequently, early events in presomitic mesoderm establish a segmental framework that persists across multiple trunk tissues.
Researchers can examine presomitic mesoderm in embryos, stem cell models, and organoids. These complementary systems allow investigation of segmentation and body-axis formation in developing tissues while supporting the study of human tissue patterning. Comparing such models can connect developmental mechanisms with congenital segmentation defects and reveal how segmental organization is established.
Studies of presomitic mesoderm can clarify how disruptions in the segmentation process affect the formation of the vertebral column, ribs, and associated skeletal muscle and connective tissues. Examining the segmentation clock, maturation wavefront, and subsequent somite differentiation provides developmental context for congenital segmentation defects and helps identify when normal trunk organization is altered.
Useful readouts include oscillating gene-expression networks, the interaction between the segmentation clock and maturation wavefront, periodic epithelial somite formation, and differentiation into sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome derivatives. Together, these features connect molecular regulation with tissue-level patterning, allowing researchers to assess body-axis formation and the organization of trunk structures.