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Neuroscience
温度梯度法测定果蝇幼虫的热偏好
温度梯度法测定果蝇幼虫的热偏好
JoVE Journal
Neuroscience
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
A Temperature Gradient Assay to Determine Thermal Preferences of Drosophila Larvae

温度梯度法测定果蝇幼虫的热偏好

Full Text
8,090 Views
08:59 min
June 25, 2018

DOI: 10.3791/57963-v

Jiangqu Liu*1, Takaaki Sokabe*2,3, Craig Montell1

1Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology,University of California, Santa Barbara, 2Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences,National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 3Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems,National Institutes of Natural Sciences

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article presents a protocol for determining the preferred environmental temperature of Drosophila larvae using a continuous thermal gradient. The study investigates the mechanisms by which Drosophila melanogaster selects its ideal temperature in the context of somatosensation.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Entomology

Background

  • Drosophila larvae are commonly used to study temperature preferences.
  • Understanding temperature selection contributes to insights about somatosensation.
  • The presented method can be adapted to other model organisms like C. elegans.

Purpose of Study

  • To establish the preferred environmental temperature of Drosophila larvae in a controlled setting.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a continuous thermal gradient assay.
  • To improve the reproducibility of results regarding temperature preferences.

Methods Used

  • A continuous thermal gradient assay with aluminum blocks and agarose plates was utilized.
  • Drosophila melanogaster larvae were prepared from a controlled breeding protocol.
  • Temperature distribution was monitored to ensure even gradients.
  • Larvae were cleansed to minimize food contamination before assays.
  • Image analysis software was employed to quantify larval distribution across temperature zones.

Main Results

  • Larvae preferences varied by instar stage, with specific temperature zones preferred at different development phases.
  • First and second instar larvae showed peak preferences at 24°C, while mid-third instar larvae preferred 18°C.
  • Non-wandering late-third instar larvae clustered tightly in cooler temperatures.

Conclusions

  • The study demonstrates a robust method for assessing temperature preferences in Drosophila larvae.
  • It highlights the significance of environmental factors on developmental behaviors.
  • Insights gained can enhance understanding of temperature-related sensory mechanisms and preferences in various organisms.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using Drosophila larvae for temperature preference studies?
Drosophila larvae are easy to culture and manipulate, allowing for controlled experiments on environmental preferences. Their well-characterized genetics and rapid life cycle provide additional benefits for behavioral studies.
How is the continuous thermal gradient created in the experiment?
A continuous thermal gradient is established using two aluminum blocks connected to separate water baths, facilitating a predictable temperature range across agarose plates.
What measures are taken to ensure larvae are clean before testing?
Larvae are treated with a sucrose solution to float them to the surface, and any remaining debris and food particles are carefully removed before the assay.
How does larval distribution in the assay provide insights into temperature preference?
By quantifying the distribution of larvae across different temperature zones, researchers can identify preferred temperatures and understand behavioral adaptations in response to thermal changes.
What limitations should be considered when interpreting the results?
Temperature preferences observed in controlled settings may not fully reflect behaviors in natural environments. Additionally, variations in larval age and condition can influence outcomes.

在这里, 我们提出了一个协议, 以确定的首选环境温度的果蝇幼虫使用连续的热梯度。

这种方法可用于解决体感领域的一个关键问题,即动物(如黑腹果蝇)选择其首选环境温度的机制。该技术的主要优点是,当面对连续的温度范围时,它可以在一次测定中确定幼虫组的首选温度。除了深入了解果蝇幼虫的温度偏好外,impress 板还可以与其他模式生物一起使用,例如蠕虫、秀丽隐杆线虫。

首先,制作酵母糊以准备用于交叉的小瓶。将酵母颗粒在蒸馏水中混合,然后用杵将它们研磨成糊状。然后,在靠近标准果蝇小瓶内壁的食物表面上方添加少许酵母糊。

要生产幼虫,收集 12 到 35 只雌性,最多收集一半的雄性,但不超过 10 只雄性。将这些基团混合在含有酵母糊的小瓶中。将准备好的样品瓶装入 100 个样品瓶的托盘中。

在托盘中加入 20 个装满水的开口样品瓶,以提供湿度。然后,将托盘密封在透明塑料袋中,并在 25 摄氏度下孵育 48 小时。喂食和交配 48 小时后,将果蝇转移到新的食品瓶中以收集卵。

点击它们。不要使用二氧化碳。然后,让苍蝇在 25 摄氏度下产卵 3 小时。

稍后,取出成虫,将装有鸡蛋的小瓶放回装有水瓶的托盘中,然后盖上袋子。然后,在 25 摄氏度下将卵发育到所需的幼虫阶段。要制备单向梯度,首先为测定创建人体周围环境。

将两个铝块连接到单独的水浴上放在湿纸巾上,相距 10 厘米。水浴需要提前加热。接下来,制备 100 毫升 1% 琼脂糖,并在水平表面上向每个检测板中加入 25 毫升。

琼脂糖凝固后,用三聚氰胺海绵轻轻擦拭表面,使表面略微粗糙。然后,为了促进有效的温度传递,用喷雾瓶输送的水填充检测板中铝块之间的任何间隙。现在,将检测板放在铝块上,并确保分界线距任一边缘两厘米,以与铝块的边缘完全匹配。

接下来,在板表面喷洒一层水膜,使凝胶不会变干。接下来,用纸板箱覆盖系统以减少蒸发并帮助稳定凝胶表面的温度。等待 5 到 10 分钟,让温度达到平衡。

然后,检查板上至少 12 个位置的表面温度,以确保整个温度均匀,或多或少 2 摄氏度。然后装回盒盖,直到进行检测。为了分离干净的幼虫,首先将约 40 毫升 18% 蔗糖溶液添加到 50 毫升试管中。

然后使用 scoopula 将幼虫从食物堆中转移到溶液中。接下来,使用 scoopula 将幼虫在溶液中彻底混合。现在,等待 30 到 60 秒,让幼虫漂浮到管的顶层。

然后将含有幼虫的溶液倒入另一支 50 毫升试管中,并加入新鲜的 18% 蔗糖。同样,等待幼虫浮上来。食物的存在会影响结果。

因此,为了获得可重复的结果,彻底清洁幼虫以尽量减少食物污染非常重要。轻轻地这样做,以避免对幼虫造成伤害。接下来,将 300 微米的细胞过滤器放在 50 毫升试管的顶部,然后从蔗糖溶液表面去除任何死去的成人尸体和漂浮物。

现在,将幼虫倒入过滤器,将它们收集在网筛上。然后,用大约 50 毫升的水通过过滤器两次,以进一步清洁幼虫。然后,在一个 35 毫米的空培养皿上,用水冲洗掉过滤器中的大部分幼虫。

使用画笔将剩余的幼虫转移到网格上。然后,使用微量移液器从培养皿中吸走大部分水。然后将盖子倒置在培养皿上,这样幼虫就不会逃脱。

现在,在开始检测之前,让幼虫恢复 10 到 20 分钟。首先,取下凝胶上的纸板箱,快速检查凝胶表面温度。如果表面干燥,请在表面喷洒少量水。

如果凝胶很好,则使用小画笔在每个板的中心加载 100 到 200 只幼虫。然后,在每个分析板上盖上盖子以捕获幼虫,并用纸板箱盖住装置以防止光照。该检测目前正在进行中。

10 到 30 分钟后,取下纸板箱和微孔板盖。然后,从上方拍摄板以记录幼虫的位置。将盒子放在相机上方,以避免反射到凝胶表面。

要清理板,请将所有幼虫吸出它们可能散落的地方。现在,使用图像分析软件计算每个区域中幼虫的百分比分布。根据分析板上的分界线,每两厘米画一行,并计算每个区域中的幼虫数量。

计数时,忽略分布在距每个边缘 0.5 厘米的脊上的幼虫,因为凝胶厚度和温度条件在边缘附近不均匀。在 18 摄氏度到 28 摄氏度之间,使用设置为 16.8 摄氏度和 31 摄氏度的水浴进行单向梯度。发现沿梯度的温度分布几乎是线性的。

对不同年龄的对照幼虫进行检测。第一、第二和第三龄早期幼虫对 24 摄氏度区域表现出峰值偏好。在第三龄中期,大多数幼虫积累在 18 摄氏度区域。

非游荡的晚期 3 龄幼虫紧密聚集在 18 摄氏度区。在对照菌株(即 White 1118)中,在 18 摄氏度区积累的倾向不是由于边缘效应,因为晚期三龄幼虫仍在 18 摄氏度区积累,使用双向梯度。当我们分析区分温度所需的晚期 3 龄幼虫携带的突变时,结果发生了变化。

trpA1 中具有零突变的幼虫在整个 18 摄氏度到 28 摄氏度的梯度上均匀分布。仅缺少 trpA1 的 A 和 B 亚型或 C 和 D 亚型的幼虫也表现出严重的损伤。编码磷脂酶 c β 的两个基因之一 norpA 突变的幼虫也被破坏。

然而,编码另一种磷脂酶 c β 的基因 plc21c 发生突变的幼虫行为正常。观看此视频后,您应该清楚地了解如何使用连续热梯度获得可重现的结果,这将使您能够比较野生型和突变型果蝇幼虫的温度偏好。一旦掌握,该技术可以在 30 分钟内完成一次检测。

在尝试此程序时,重要的是要注意苍蝇瓶的状况,如果幼虫已经干燥,请不要使用它们。这项技术简化了果蝇幼虫在舒适范围内选择其最爱温度所需的新基因的发现。

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