Testicular Venography
Testicular Venography - Related Videos
15:33
Simple and Efficient Technique for the Preparation of Testicular Cell Suspensions
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Cited by 20 •
2013
A novel protocol for the mechanical preparation of testicular cell suspensions from rodent material, avoiding enzymes and detergents, is described. The method is very simple, fast, reproducible, and renders good quality cell suspensions, which are suitable for flow sorting and RNA extraction.
07:34
Slide Preparation Method to Preserve Three-dimensional Chromatin Architecture of Testicular Germ Cells
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Cited by 12 •
2014
The material here describes a method developed to preserve the three-dimensional chromatin structure of testicular germ cells. This has been termed the three-dimensional (3D) slide method. This method improves sensitivity for detection of subnuclear structures and is applicable for immunofluorescence, DNA, and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
11:53
Generation of Porcine Testicular Organoids with Testis Specific Architecture using Microwell Culture
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Cited by 25 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol for the reproducible generation of porcine testicular organoids with testis specific tissue architecture using the commercially available microwell culture system.
09:18
Extra Cellular Matrix-Based and Extra Cellular Matrix-Free Generation of Murine Testicular Organoids
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Cited by 4 •
2020
Here, four methods for generating testicular organoids from primary neonatal murine testicular cells are described i.e., extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-free 2D and 3D culture environments. These techniques have multiple research applications and are especially useful for studying testicular development and physiology in vitro.
06:08
A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Cited by 44 •
2017
'Super-selective' adrenal venous sampling (ssAVS, also called segmental adrenal venous sampling: sAVS) was performed using a micro-catheter to identify adrenal segment(s) that produce excessive amounts of hormones. The ssAVS technique was described, cases in which adrenal segmental lesion(s) were identified by ssAVS were presented, and the usefulness of ssAVS in future adrenal research was discussed.
FAQs
The contrast material makes venous pathways visible on X-ray as it moves through the internal spermatic veins and related channels. Its pattern can show whether blood moves backward as reflux, collects in enlarged vessels, encounters an obstruction, or travels through collateral vessels. These flow patterns help characterize abnormal testicular venous circulation.
Interpretation focuses on reflux, dilation, obstruction, and collateral vessels. Reflux indicates abnormal movement through the venous system, while dilation shows enlargement of draining veins. Obstruction suggests impaired passage, and collateral vessels identify alternate pathways. Together, these findings clarify the structure and behavior of the testicular venous network rather than showing anatomy alone.
The venous drainage pattern provides biological context for understanding how impaired circulation may affect the testes. Abnormal drainage, particularly when associated with varicocele, can be examined in relation to testicular function and male fertility. Venography therefore contributes not only to anatomical assessment but also to research connecting venous abnormalities with reproductive outcomes.
Clinicians may use the procedure to investigate persistent or recurrent venous abnormalities after an earlier evaluation or treatment. Imaging can identify continuing reflux, previously unrecognized dilation, obstruction, or collateral pathways. This additional anatomical information helps explain why the abnormality remains and supports a more targeted plan for subsequent management.
The essential components are catheter access to the venous system, delivery of contrast material, and X-ray imaging during contrast flow. The catheter places the imaging agent within the relevant venous pathway, while sequential visualization maps how it travels. This combination allows clinicians to assess both venous anatomy and abnormal circulation in the same study.
Venography can identify the venous routes that need to be addressed before a catheter-based embolization procedure. By showing refluxing, dilated, obstructed, or collateral channels, the images help clarify the target circulation and its connections. This makes the examination useful for treatment planning, especially when venous anatomy is persistent, recurrent, or complex.