Ventral Intermediate Nucleus
Ventral Intermediate Nucleus - Related Videos
05:13
Co-culturing of Ventral Hippocampal and Nucleus Accumbens
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2025
This video demonstrates the process of preparing ventral hippocampal and nucleus accumbens tissues from mouse brains for co-culture. Neurons extend projections to form synaptic connections between the ventral hippocampal and nucleus accumbens tissues. This method allows studying neuronal interactions between these two brain regions, offering insights into cognition, behavior, and neurological disorders.
02:37
Detection of Zika Viral dsRNA Replication Intermediates Using Immunocytochemistry
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2026
Source: Contreras, D., et al. Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)The video demonstrates the detection of Zika viral dsRNA intermediates in infected epithelial cells using immunocytochemistry. Infected cells are fixed and then blocked with a blocking solution. The primary and secondary antibodies are added. The nuclei are stained with a fluorescent dye. The labeled viral dsRNA is then seen under a fluorescence...
08:30
A Method to Make a Craniotomy on the Ventral Skull of Neonate Rodents
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Cited by 6 •
2014
A surgical method is described to expose the ventral skull in neonate rats. Using this approach it is possible to open a craniotomy to perform acute electrophysiology and two-photon microscopy experiments in the brainstem of anesthetized pups.
00:57
Formation of Intermediate Filaments
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2023
Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been reported.
01:35
Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments
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2023
Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs. Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
FAQs
The VIM serves as a relay within the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit, carrying cerebellar signals toward the cerebral cortex. This position links cerebellar activity with cortical control of coordinated movement. When abnormal motor rhythms affect this network, tremor can become disabling, making the VIM a strategically important site for therapeutic modulation or disruption.
Deep brain stimulation modulates activity in the VIM region by delivering patterned electrical pulses, whereas stereotactic lesioning disrupts tremor-associated signaling in the target area. Both approaches act on the same broader motor network but use different mechanisms. This distinction helps frame the VIM as a target for either adjustable signal modulation or localized interruption of abnormal activity.
Anatomical location alone does not fully describe the VIM treatment target. Its connections within the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit help explain how interventions may influence coordinated movement and tremor-related activity. Studying these relationships supports more precise procedure planning and helps clinicians connect the selected target with the motor symptoms being addressed.
The VIM becomes particularly relevant when tremor remains inadequately controlled despite medication. Clinical context includes essential tremor and selected tremor-dominant Parkinsonian symptoms, while anatomical and circuit information helps support targeting decisions. Thus, treatment planning considers both the symptom pattern and the VIM’s position within signaling pathways associated with abnormal motor rhythms.
VIM-targeted procedures are used primarily for essential tremor and for selected tremor-dominant Parkinsonian symptoms. They are especially considered when medication does not provide sufficient control of disabling tremor. The goal is to act on tremor-associated signaling within the motor circuit, making the VIM relevant to functional neurosurgical care rather than general movement regulation alone.
Research on the VIM connects treatment effects with the organization of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit. Examining how patterned stimulation or lesioning changes tremor-associated signaling can clarify why targeting this region may improve disabling tremor in appropriate patients. These findings also support better anatomical planning and a more precise interpretation of motor symptoms in medicine.