Pathogen-induced Vacuoles
Pathogen-induced Vacuoles - Related Videos
09:25
Purification of Pathogen Vacuoles from Legionella-infected Phagocytes
0 Views •
Cited by 5 •
2012
This article describes a method for the isolation and purification of intact Legionella-containing vacuoles (LCVs) from amoeba and macrophages. The two-step protocol comprises LCV enrichment by immuno-magnetic separation using an antibody against a bacterial LCV marker and further purification by density gradient centrifugation.
02:12
Muscle Necrosis Assay in C. elegans Induced by a Pathogenic Aeromonas Strain
0 Views •
2026
Source: Chen, Y. et. al., Evaluating Virulence and Pathogenesis of Aeromonas Infection in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates a muscle necrosis assay in C. elegans (Caenorhabditis elegans) using pathogenic Aeromonas strains. By feeding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing worms on Aeromonas-seeded plates, the assay models bacterial infection and reveals tissue damage through fluorescence imaging. The progressive loss of muscle structure and GFP...
03:12
Visualizing Pathogen-Induced Oxidative Stress in C. elegans Using GFP-Tagged SKN-1
0 Views •
2026
Source: Naji, A., et al. Studying Oxidative Stress Caused by the Mitis Group Streptococci in Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates the use of green fluorescent protein-tagged SKN-1 in C. elegans to monitor oxidative stress by tracking green fluorescence. Worms exposed to S. gordonii show strong nuclear fluorescence, confirming pathogen-induced stress, while those fed E. coli display diffuse green fluorescence in the cytoplasm, indicating minimal SKN-1 activation.
03:57
Assessing Pathogenic Bacteria–Induced Mortality in C. elegans Larvae
0 Views •
2025
Source: Anderson, Q. L., et al. A High-throughput, High-content, Liquid-based C. elegans Pathosystem. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)The video demonstrates a liquid-based assay where genetically modified C. elegans larvae are exposed to pathogenic bacteria in a microplate. Bacterial toxins secreted into the medium induce host stress and death. A fluorescent dye stains dead worms, allowing imaging-based quantification of mortality to assess genetic susceptibility or resistance.
09:52
A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
0 Views •
Cited by 15 •
2014
Animal models have proven to be invaluable tools in defining host and pathogen specific mechanisms that contribute to the development of chronic inflammation. Here we describe a mouse model of oral infection with the human pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and detail methodologies to assess the progression of inflammation at local and systemic sites.
FAQs
Pathogen effectors reshape the host cell by altering membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, and contacts between organelles. These changes redirect host membranes and nutrients toward the pathogen-associated compartment rather than leaving cellular resources under normal host control. Examining these coordinated changes helps explain how intracellular pathogens establish a supportive niche while modifying the surrounding cell.
Membrane trafficking determines which host membranes are delivered to or withdrawn from a vacuole, while cytoskeletal dynamics can influence how those membranes and compartments are positioned. Organelle interactions add another layer by changing exchanges between cellular compartments. Considering all three processes together is important because vacuole behavior reflects coordinated remodeling, not a single isolated membrane event.
An important outcome of vacuole remodeling is the creation of conditions that are less hostile to the pathogen. The compartment can help pathogens avoid antimicrobial conditions and redirect nutrients needed for survival or replication. At the same time, host cells can detect infection and respond, making the vacuole a site where pathogen protection and cellular defense directly intersect.
Microscopy provides a way to examine vacuole morphology and its relationship to cellular structures, whereas molecular biology can investigate the pathogen or host factors associated with remodeling. Cell-based infection models place these observations in an infection context. Combining the approaches gives a more informative picture of formation and maturation than relying on one type of measurement alone.
Studies of pathogen-induced vacuoles can follow how compartments form and mature during infection, then relate those changes to pathogen survival, replication, or interactions with host defenses. The resulting observations help connect a visible cellular structure with underlying molecular and cellular events. This is especially useful when comparing how membrane remodeling and defense responses change over the course of infection.
In biology, this topic provides a framework for analyzing intracellular host-pathogen interactions at the level of cell organization. Findings can clarify virulence mechanisms, meaning processes that support pathogen success during infection, and can guide the search for antimicrobial strategies. The same work also reveals how host cells detect infection and reorganize their defenses around altered internal compartments.