Chapter 22
Electric Charges and Fields
From lightning during thunderstorms to electronic devices, the phenomenon of electromagnetism is all around us. The electromagnetic force is one of…
All objects we see around us consist of atoms, which combine to form molecules. The lightest element in the universe is hydrogen, and a hydrogen atom…
Some materials may easily let electrical charges pass through them, while others obstruct their flow. The former are called conductors and the latter…
The Earth is a good conductor of electricity, and it is so big that it can be considered an infinite source or sink of charges. It can easily…
Experiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have an electric charge, they exert an electric force on each other. The…
Coulomb's Law describes the force experienced by two point charges under each other's presence. But what if there are more than two charges?…
Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by…
Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral.…
Imagine a bucket of water. It contains many molecules, of the order of 1026 molecules. Thus, although it contains discrete elements (molecules) at…
The three-dimensional representation of the electric field of a positive point charge requires tracing the electric field vectors, whose lengths…
The definition of electric field lines greatly eases the visualization of electric fields, a vector field, especially in the presence of many…
Consider two charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs. If they cannot be separated by an external electric field, the system is called a…
A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because…
A method of carrier number control by electrolyte gating is demonstrated. We have obtained WS2 thin flakes with atomically flat surface via scotch…
Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
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Clinical studies show electrical stimulation (ES) to be a potential therapy for the healing and regeneration of various tissues. Understanding the…
Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples
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This paper describes a fabrication protocol for a dipole-assisted solid phase extraction (SPE) microchip available for trace metal analysis in water…
