फाइबर आरेखण विधि का प्रयोग Fabricating Metamaterials

Summary

आवृत्तियों terahertz Metamaterials अद्वितीय अवसर प्रदान करते हैं, लेकिन थोक में बनाना चुनौतीपूर्ण हैं. हम microstructured बहुलक ऑप्टिकल metamaterials सस्ते में एक औद्योगिक पैमाने पर संभावित बनाना फाइबर के लिए निर्माण प्रक्रिया लिए अनुकूलित करेंगे. हम polymethylmethacrylate ~ 10 सुक्ष्ममापी व्यास ईण्डीयुम ~ 100 सुक्ष्ममापी, है जो प्रदर्शन एक terahertz plasmonic प्रतिक्रिया द्वारा अलग तारों फाइबर युक्त उत्पादन.

Abstract

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate ¹. They owe their electromagnetic properties to the structure of their constituents, instead of the atoms that compose them. For example, sub-wavelength metal wires can be arranged to possess an effective electric permittivity that is either positive or negative at a given frequency, in contrast to the metals themselves ². This unprecedented control over the behaviour of light can potentially lead to a number of novel devices, such as invisibility cloaks ³, negative refractive index materials ⁴, and lenses that resolve objects below the diffraction limit ⁵. However, metamaterials operating at optical, mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies are conventionally made using nano- and micro-fabrication techniques that are expensive and produce samples that are at most a few centimetres in size ^6-7. Here we present a fabrication method to produce hundreds of meters of metal wire metamaterials in fiber form, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response ⁸. We combine the stack-and-draw technique used to produce microstructured polymer optical fiber ⁹ with the Taylor-wire process ¹⁰, using indium wires inside polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) tubes. PMMA is chosen because it is an easy to handle, drawable dielectric with suitable optical properties in the terahertz region; indium because it has a melting temperature of 156.6 °C which is appropriate for codrawing with PMMA. We include an indium wire of 1 mm diameter and 99.99% purity in a PMMA tube with 1 mm inner diameter (ID) and 12 mm outside diameter (OD) which is sealed at one end. The tube is evacuated and drawn down to an outer diameter of 1.2 mm. The resulting fiber is then cut into smaller pieces, and stacked into a larger PMMA tube. This stack is sealed at one end and fed into a furnace while being rapidly drawn, reducing the diameter of the structure by a factor of 10, and increasing the length by a factor of 100. Such fibers possess features on the micro- and nano- scale, are inherently flexible, mass-producible, and can be woven to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not found in nature. They represent a promising platform for a number of novel devices from terahertz to optical frequencies, such as invisible fibers, woven negative refractive index cloths, and super-resolving lenses.

Protocol

अवलोकन समग्र / ईण्डीयुम PMMA फाइबर (3 चित्रा) एक एक एकल ईण्डीयुम तार (2 चित्रा) है, जो खुद को उपलब्ध PMMA ट्यूब और तार से तैयार रहना होगा सहित PMMA तंतुओं के ढेर ड्राइंग द्वारा निर्मित है. प्रस?…

Representative Results

Metamaterial फाइबर वर्णित तकनीक का उपयोग कर उत्पादन किया गया था. वे 1 मिमी PMMA 100 सुक्ष्ममापी व्यास निरंतर ईण्डीयुम तार युक्त फाइबर, चित्रा 2, जो बारी में 1 मिमी ईण्डीयुम एक 10 मिमी बहुलक जैकेट के अंदर निहित तार?…

Discussion

यहाँ प्रस्तुत तकनीक microscale सुविधा आकार के साथ लगातार तीन आयामी metamaterials किलोमीटर के निर्माण की अनुमति देता है, THz रेंज में एक plasmonic प्रतिक्रिया (और इस प्रकार एक अनुरूप बिजली permittivity) रखने, प्रभावी ढंग से एक उच्च पास …

Materials

Name of Reagent/Material	Company	Catalogue Number	Comments
Indium 99.99% Wire, 1 mm diameter	AIM Specialty	Available on request	www.aimspecialty.com http://www.aimspecialty.com/Portals/0/Files/Indium.pdf
2-Propanol(Isopropanol)	Sigma-Aldrich	Product Number 190764	http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/products.html?TablePage=17292086
Adhesive tape	Staples
One Wrap PTFE Tape, 5 ml x 12 mmW x 0.2 mmT	RS Components	RS Stock Number 231-964	http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/ptfe-tapes/0231964/
50 Micron Aluminium Foil Tape	Advance Adhesive Tapes	AT506	http://www.advancetapes.com/Products/types/9/page1/81
Blu-tak	Bostik		http://www.blutack.com/index.html
Araldite Quick Set	Selleys		http://selleys.com.au/adhesives/household-adhesive/araldite/quick-set
PMMA tubes: – ID 6 mm, OD 12 mm – ID 9 mm, OD 12 mm	B & M Plastics: Plastic Fabrication	Available on request	http://www.bmplastics.com.au/about-us.htm
			Equipment Requirements
			Fibre draw tower with furnaces of maximum temperatures of at least 200 °C (Heathway Polymer Draw Tower with Preform and Fibre draw facilities). A photograph of the draw tower is shown in Figure 5. Annealing oven of maximum temperatures of at least 90 °C. Optical microscope. Hot air gun. Vacuum pump. Top preform extender (metal tube of 30 cm length and 12 mm diameter). Primary draw bottom extender (metal tube of 100 cm length and 12 mm diameter). Secondary draw bottom extender (PMMA tube of 20 cm length and 12 mm diameter).