Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Elana  R. Goldenkoff; Amir Mashni; Katherine  J. Michon; Hannah Lavis; Michael Vesia

doi:10.3791/60706

Transkraniyal Manyetik Stimülasyon ile İnsan Motor Sisteminde İşlevsel Olarak Spesifik Nöral Yoll...

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Neuroscience

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JoVE Journal Neuroscience

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transkraniyal Manyetik Stimülasyon ile İnsan Motor Sisteminde İşlevsel Olarak Spesifik Nöral Yolların Ölçülmesi ve Manipüle Edilmesi

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09:52 min

February 23, 2020

DOI: 10.3791/60706-v

Elana R. Goldenkoff¹, Amir Mashni¹, Katherine J. Michon¹, Hannah Lavis¹, Michael Vesia¹

¹School of Kinesiology, Brain Behavior Laboratory,University of Michigan

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Overview

This article describes innovative techniques to measure and enhance specific neural pathways through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). These non-invasive methodologies enable researchers to explore brain-behavior relationships and potential therapeutic applications for brain disorders.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

Neuroscience
Brain Stimulation
Neurological Disorders

Background

Focus on understanding dysfunctional brain circuits in psychiatric and neurological conditions.
Importance of causation in neuroscience, shifting from simple observation.
Non-invasive techniques for evaluating and treating neurological disorders.

Purpose of Study

To enhance the understanding of brain-behavior relations.
To develop new therapies for brain disorders through improved neural pathway manipulation.
To assess and treat altered connectivity patterns in various networks.

Methods Used

This study utilized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as the main platform.
The biological model included participants screened for neurological conditions and handedness.
Key steps involved neuro-navigation and localization of motor and non-motor areas for stimulation.
Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle response to neuronal activation.

Main Results

The findings emphasize the ability of TMS to generate measurable motor-evoked potentials.
Demonstrates potential to address connectivity in motor and cognitive networks.
Highlights method’s application in refining diagnoses and therapies based on individual brain behavior connections.

Conclusions

This study illustrates how TMS can effectively assess and influence specific brain circuits.
The insights gained can enhance therapeutic approaches for various neurological disorders.
Implications for understanding neuronal mechanisms and improving interventions related to brain behavior.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using TMS in neuroscience research?

TMS offers a non-invasive method to stimulate specific brain regions, allowing researchers to study the causal relationships between brain activity and behavior in real-time.

How is participant screening conducted for TMS studies?

Participants are screened based on handedness and potential contraindications to TMS and MRI, ensuring safety and protocol adherence.

What types of data are obtained from TMS?

TMS provides data on muscle responses, specifically motor-evoked potentials, which reflect the excitability and connectivity of targeted brain circuits.

How can TMS techniques be adapted for clinical applications?

TMS techniques can be tailored based on individual neurological profiles, enabling targeted treatments for disorders such as depression and motor impairments.

What are the limitations of TMS?

While TMS is a powerful tool, its effectiveness can be influenced by factors such as individual anatomy, depth of stimulation, and the need for precise targeting of brain regions.

What changes in neural circuits can be measured using TMS?

TMS can reveal alterations in excitability and connectivity within motor and cognitive networks, pertinent to various psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Bu makalede, transkraniyal manyetik stimülasyon ile işlevsel olarak spesifik nöral yolları ölçmek ve güçlendirmek için yeni yaklaşımlar açıklanmaktadır. Bu gelişmiş noninvaziv beyin stimülasyon metodolojileri beyin-davranış ilişkilerinin anlaşılması ve beyin bozukluklarının tedavisinde yeni tedavilerin geliştirilmesi için yeni fırsatlar sağlayabilir.

Bu teknik, psikiyatrik ve nörolojik bozukluklarda beyin devrelerinin nasıl ters gittiğine dair içgörü sağlar. Ve davranışları geliştirmek için bu işlevsiz devreleri onarmak için beyin aktivitesini nasıl manipüle edebileceğimizi. Doğrudan aktive ve beyin uyarılabilirlik ve devre inhibe ederek, bu teknik gözlem den nedensellik nöro-bilimsel odak kayması sağlar, ve beyin ve davranış daha derin bir anlayış sağlar.

Non-invaziv beyin stimülasyonu hem değerlendirmek ve birçok nörolojik bozuklukları tedavi etmek için kullanılabilir ve tanı ve tedavileri geliştirmeye yardımcı olabilir, beyin davranış bağlantıları daha sofistike modellere dayalı. Bu yöntem sadece motor sistemdeki değiştirilmiş bağlantı kalıplarını etkisiz hale koymakla kalmıyor, aynı zamanda fizyolojik yaşlanma, psikiyatrik ve nörolojik bozukluklarla ilişkili bilişsel ağlarda da etkisiz hale getirebilir. TMS ve MRG'ye sağ el ve kontrendikasyonlar için katılımcıların taranmasından sonra, her katılımcıyı çalışma hedefleri, prosedürleri ve yerel kurumsal inceleme kurulu tarafından onaylanan riskler hakkında bilgilendirin ve yazılı onay alın.

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