ロバート ・ m ・ Rioux ・ Zhifeng ・ チェン、ペンシルバニア州立大学、大学公園、PA
最も一般的な実験室の緊急事態には、化学物質の流出、火災や爆発、電気ショック、人員傷害が含まれます。ほとんどの実験室の事故は、貧しい人々 の計画や注意不足のため発生します。したがって、それは常に緊急時の行為を取ることよりも (プロアクティブされている) 事故を防ぐために優れて (再アクティブされている)。たとえば、常に実験室で適切な個人用保護具 (PPE) を着用します。通常実験室検査と機器のメンテナンスは実験室の事故を防ぐために有益です。ただし、緊急事態が発生すると、また、何をするかを知ることが不可欠です。まずあなたの個人の安全性の確保、必要に応じてローカルの緊急時対応を呼び出します。あなたの応答の程度は、事件の深刻さによって異なります、このような事件に対処するための実験室のプロトコルを文書化します。静かなご滞在し、型と緊急事態のレベルに応じて適切なアクションを実行します。
ラボで作業する前に、事前に可能な実験室の事故の注意し、次の安全規制で事故を防ぐ。有害化学物質や厳しい作業条件を扱うときは注意が必要。事故のすべての種類のなすべきことを事前に計画します。緊急時に冷静を保ち、まずご自身の安全に出席するため。次に、支援と緊急事態とその潜在的な影響に人々 に警告のためローカルの緊急時対応を呼び出します。損傷または傷害を減らすための適切な行動を取る。
Emergencies may happen in the laboratory no matter how detailed the safety regulations are. If an emergency arises, don’t panic and ensure your safety first before attempting additional actions. Assess the situation and call local emergency agencies for assistance. For severe injuries, wait until emergency responders come, and don’t take any actions without appropriate knowledge. For minor injuries, use the first aid kit to help, when necessary.
Even when safety regulations are followed, emergencies can happen in the laboratory. Therefore, it is important to know what to do in the case of an accident.
The three most common types of laboratory accidents are chemical spills, fires and explosions, and personnel injuries. In any case, you should always remain calm, contact local emergency responders once you’ve moved to safety, and inform nearby people of what happened.
Spills are the most common accidents, which we cover in detail in another video in this collection. Fires and explosions typically occur from overheating, spillage of flammable chemicals, or gases exposed to heat, flames, or electric sparks. It’s important to operate electric equipment and heat sources safely to prevent fire and explosions.
Personal injuries include a wide range of categories in the lab, such as electric shock, burns, wounds, or chemical exposure. These can be caused by not following correct guidelines, as well as equipment malfunction. Each case requires specific actions, but there are general principles to follow to ensure the safety of the injured party.
Now that you understand some of the typical emergencies causes, let’s see how to deal with fires or personal injuries.
In case of a fire involving an individual’s clothing, never run as it might accelerate the fire. Stop, drop on to the ground with hands covering the face, and roll to extinguish the fire. If possible, use a safety shower to extinguish the fire. For more information, see our video on safety shower.
In case of lab fire or explosion, ensure your safety first and call emergency responders immediately for help.
If possible, shut down the electric power before evacuating the area. Use a wet towel to cover mouth and nose as protection against heavy smoke.
Pull fire alarms and evacuate the building safely. Use stairs, as elevators could be damaged during operation.
Small fires can be contained with an extinguisher, but it’s important to use the correct one, depending on the type of fire. Class A fires involve ordinary combustible solids, such as paper or clothes. Class B fires include flammable liquids and gases, like gasoline or butane.
C type fires are caused by electrical equipment, while Class D fires are combustible metals, like sodium. Finally, class K fires, are grease fires.
Matching the correct type of extinguisher, such as foam, carbon dioxide, or chemical, to the fire on hand is important to avoid spreading and aggravation of flames.
Personal injuries cover a wide range of situations. Always access the situation before taking actions. If the person is conscious, ask them what happened. If the person is unconscious or unresponsive, look for possible signs of injury.
If the person seems to be in danger, call local emergency immediately. Don’t move the injured person unless they need to be removed from a serious threat.
If an individual has received an electrical shock, first shut down the power if possible. Use non-conductive material such as wood, glass, or rubber to pull the person away from the electric contact.
If the person is bleeding from minor cuts or abrasions, flush with water to avoid contamination and treat with first aid supplies. For serious cuts, call for medical assistance.
While waiting for assistance, keep the person warm and calm. If you have knowledge and are willing to help, initiate first aid to help.
You’ve just watched JoVE’s introduction to emergency guidelines in case of laboratory accidents. You should now understand what to do in the case of fires, explosions, or personal injuries. Thanks for watching!
