罗伯特· m Rioux & 刘志峰, 宾夕法尼亚州立大学, 大学公园, PA
最常见的实验室紧急情况包括化学溢出、火灾或爆炸、电击和人员受伤。大多数的实验室事故都是由于计划不当或缺乏注意而发生的。因此, 防止意外 ( pro活动) 比在紧急情况下执行任何操作 (重新活动) 总是更好。例如, 在实验室里总是要佩戴适当的个人防护用品。定期进行实验室检查和设备维护, 有利于预防实验室事故的发生。然而, 一旦紧急情况发生, 也必须知道该做什么。确保您的个人安全, 然后致电当地紧急救援人员, 当必要时。您的反应的程度将取决于事件的严重性和记录的实验室协议处理这些事件。保持冷静, 根据紧急情况的类型和级别采取适当的行动。
在实验室工作前要事先注意可能发生的实验室事故, 并通过遵守安全规程防止事故发生。在处理危险化学品和/或严重的工作条件时采取预防措施。预先计划在各种事故中应该做什么。万一有紧急情况, 先保持镇静, 注意自己的安全。接下来, 打电话给当地紧急救援人员, 帮助他们在紧急情况发生时向他们发出警报, 并对他们产生潜在影响。采取适当的行动减少伤害或伤害。
Emergencies may happen in the laboratory no matter how detailed the safety regulations are. If an emergency arises, don’t panic and ensure your safety first before attempting additional actions. Assess the situation and call local emergency agencies for assistance. For severe injuries, wait until emergency responders come, and don’t take any actions without appropriate knowledge. For minor injuries, use the first aid kit to help, when necessary.
Even when safety regulations are followed, emergencies can happen in the laboratory. Therefore, it is important to know what to do in the case of an accident.
The three most common types of laboratory accidents are chemical spills, fires and explosions, and personnel injuries. In any case, you should always remain calm, contact local emergency responders once you’ve moved to safety, and inform nearby people of what happened.
Spills are the most common accidents, which we cover in detail in another video in this collection. Fires and explosions typically occur from overheating, spillage of flammable chemicals, or gases exposed to heat, flames, or electric sparks. It’s important to operate electric equipment and heat sources safely to prevent fire and explosions.
Personal injuries include a wide range of categories in the lab, such as electric shock, burns, wounds, or chemical exposure. These can be caused by not following correct guidelines, as well as equipment malfunction. Each case requires specific actions, but there are general principles to follow to ensure the safety of the injured party.
Now that you understand some of the typical emergencies causes, let’s see how to deal with fires or personal injuries.
In case of a fire involving an individual’s clothing, never run as it might accelerate the fire. Stop, drop on to the ground with hands covering the face, and roll to extinguish the fire. If possible, use a safety shower to extinguish the fire. For more information, see our video on safety shower.
In case of lab fire or explosion, ensure your safety first and call emergency responders immediately for help.
If possible, shut down the electric power before evacuating the area. Use a wet towel to cover mouth and nose as protection against heavy smoke.
Pull fire alarms and evacuate the building safely. Use stairs, as elevators could be damaged during operation.
Small fires can be contained with an extinguisher, but it’s important to use the correct one, depending on the type of fire. Class A fires involve ordinary combustible solids, such as paper or clothes. Class B fires include flammable liquids and gases, like gasoline or butane.
C type fires are caused by electrical equipment, while Class D fires are combustible metals, like sodium. Finally, class K fires, are grease fires.
Matching the correct type of extinguisher, such as foam, carbon dioxide, or chemical, to the fire on hand is important to avoid spreading and aggravation of flames.
Personal injuries cover a wide range of situations. Always access the situation before taking actions. If the person is conscious, ask them what happened. If the person is unconscious or unresponsive, look for possible signs of injury.
If the person seems to be in danger, call local emergency immediately. Don’t move the injured person unless they need to be removed from a serious threat.
If an individual has received an electrical shock, first shut down the power if possible. Use non-conductive material such as wood, glass, or rubber to pull the person away from the electric contact.
If the person is bleeding from minor cuts or abrasions, flush with water to avoid contamination and treat with first aid supplies. For serious cuts, call for medical assistance.
While waiting for assistance, keep the person warm and calm. If you have knowledge and are willing to help, initiate first aid to help.
You’ve just watched JoVE’s introduction to emergency guidelines in case of laboratory accidents. You should now understand what to do in the case of fires, explosions, or personal injuries. Thanks for watching!