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Biology

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Anatomy and Physiology

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The Respiratory System

Trachea: Layers, Rings, and Airflow

Description

The trachea is the windpipe, and it is a key airway in the human respiratory system. It carries air between the larynx and the bronchi so oxygen can reach the lungs. About half of the trachea lies in the neck, and it sits in front of the esophagus.

In an average adult, the trachea is about 10 to ...

Transcript

气管或称呼吸道,始于喉部,向下延伸至纵隔,在胸部中段分为左右两支主支气管。

气管壁由四层组成:黏膜层、黏膜下层、透明软骨层和外膜层。

黏膜具有纤毛假复层柱状上皮和固有层,可提供针对空气尘埃颗粒的保护作用。

黏膜下层含有疏松结缔组织和浆液黏液腺,透明软骨呈16至20个不完整的环状结构,提供半刚性支撑,防止气道阻塞,并在食物通过时适应食管的扩张。

外膜由疏松结缔组织构成,将气管与邻近组织相连。

气管的弹性元件为其在呼吸周期中的运动提供了必要的柔韧性,这对气管功能至关重要。

气管隆凸是终末气管软骨的延伸部分,对于启动咳嗽反射以排出异物至关重要。

气管阻塞可能危及生命,可采用海姆立克急救法、气管切...

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