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Biology

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Anatomy and Physiology

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The Respiratory System

Exhalation and Lung Pressure Changes

Description

Exhalation is the process of expelling air from the lungs. It depends on pressure differences between the lungs and the atmosphere. During normal quiet breathing, exhalation is passive and does not require muscle contraction. The elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall helps both structures return to their resting positio...

Transcript

呼气——即排出空气的过程——在健康个体安静呼吸时依赖于肺部的弹性,而非肌肉收缩。

吸气时被拉伸的弹性纤维的回缩力是肺回缩的主要原因。

此外,脏层胸膜与壁层胸膜之间的胸膜腔液体层所产生的表面张力内向牵拉作用,也促进了肺的回缩。

当参与吸气的肌肉停止活动时,膈肌和肋间外肌松弛,导致膈肌上升,肋骨下降。

这些运动减小胸腔容积,从而降低肺容量。

呼气时,肺内压升高至高于大气压 1 mm Hg。当肺内压高于大气压时,气体便从肺部流出。

与这种平静呼气相反,用力呼气包括腹肌和肋间肌的收缩。这些肌肉的收缩迫使膈肌从其正常位置上移,从而强力排出空气。

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