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The Respiratory System

What Changes Breathing Ease in the Lungs

Description

Breathing ease in the lungs depends on alveolar surface tension, lung compliance, and airway resistance. These factors affect how hard it is to move air during pulmonary ventilation, along with the pressure difference between the outside environment and the lungs.

Alveolar surface tension comes f...

Transcript

呼吸受到外界环境与肺部之间的交替压力差、肺泡表面张力、肺顺应性以及气道阻力的影响。

在肺泡中,管腔表面由一层含磷脂和脂蛋白表面活性物质混合物的水性肺泡液覆盖。

这种肺泡表面活性物质可降低极性水分子之间的吸引力,从而降低肺泡液的表面张力。因此,在吸气过程中扩张肺泡所需的能量减少。

此外,肺组织中的肺泡液和弹性纤维增加了肺的顺应性,从而降低了肺扩张以充气所需的做功。

气道壁,尤其是较小的细支气管壁,会对空气进入肺部产生阻力。

来自交感神经系统的信号使支气管壁的平滑肌松弛,从而增加其直径,降低气道阻力。

另一方面,副交感神经系统可刺激支气管平滑肌收缩,即支气管收缩,从而增加气道阻力。

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