缓释碱源负载碱性过氧化氢体系中苎麻纤维的提取
Summary
本文介绍了一种在受控释碱源支持的碱性过氧化氢体系中提取苎麻纤维的方案。
Abstract
本协议演示了一种在受控释碱源支持的碱过氧化氢系统中, 在苎麻纤维上精练的方法。苎麻提取纤维是一种重要的纺织材料。在以前的研究中, 苎麻纤维被提取的碱过氧化氢系统只支持氢氧化钠。然而, 由于氢氧化钠的强碱性, 过氧化氢的氧化反应速度难以控制, 从而对处理后的纤维造成很大的损害。在本协议中, 一种由氢氧化钠和氢氧化镁组成的控释碱源, 用于提供碱性条件和缓冲碱氢 peroxidesystem 的 pH 值。氢氧化镁的取代率可以调节过氧化氢体系的 pH 值, 对纤维性能有很大的影响。ph 值和氧化还原电位值, 代表了碱过氧化氢系统的氧化能力, 分别采用 ph 计和检测仪进行监测。采用高锰酸钾4滴定法测定了萃取过程中碱过氧化氢体系中的剩余过氧化氢含量, 以及纤维萃取后废水的化学需氧量 (COD) 值。用精密电子天平测量纤维的收率, 用化学分析法测定纤维的残余牙龈。用乌粘度计测定了纤维的聚合度 (PD 值)。用纤维强度仪测定纤维的拉伸性能, 包括韧性、伸长率和断裂。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线衍射对纤维的官能团和晶体性质进行了表征。该方案证明, 控释碱源能改善碱性过氧化氢体系中提取的纤维的性能。
Introduction
苎麻, 俗称 “中国草”, 是一种多年生草本植物, 其纤维可作为纺织工业的优良材料1,2。它是中国原产的主要经济作物之一;中国苎麻产量占世界总产量的90% 以上1,2。苎麻纤维是最强和最长的植物纤维之一, 光泽与几乎柔滑的外观3,4。苎麻纤维长的长度使其适合于单纤维纺丝, 在麻纤维中很少见到。苎麻纤维织物具有冷却、抗菌、导热性能优异、透气性好等优点,等3,4
纤维素是苎麻纤维的主要成分, 苎麻中的其他成分如果胶、木质素、水溶性物质等, 被定义为牙龈5,6。苎麻纤维可通过溶于含有化学试剂的溶液中的牙龈来提取, 该过程定义为脱胶5,6。主要有两种苎麻纤维提取方法: 化学脱胶和生物脱胶。传统化学脱胶工艺中脱胶废水的能耗、时间消耗和 COD 值都比较高, 在高压下用浓碱液精练法提取纤维素纤维6至 8 h7,8.另外, 生物脱胶是苎麻纤维提取的一种环保选择。然而, 苛刻的反应条件和先进的设备抑制其进一步的工业应用9,10。因此, 用碱过氧化氢进行氧化脱胶, 提出了一种有价值的、可供选择的应用重点, 因为它需要较短的脱胶时间和较低的脱胶温度11,12。然而, 由于过氧化物的强氧化能力, 在脱胶过程中可能会发生大量的纤维素降解, 这会对纤维性能造成很大的损害13,14。这是苎麻碱氧化脱胶的最大缺点。
在以前的研究中, 苎麻纤维被提取的碱过氧化氢系统只支持氢氧化钠15。然而, 由于氢氧化钠的强碱性, 过氧化氢的氧化反应速度难以控制, 从而对处理后的纤维7造成很大的损害。为了改善苎麻纤维的性能, 本研究采用氢氧化钠和氢氧化镁组成的控释碱源, 为碱性过氧化氢系统的 pH 值提供了一个碱条件和缓冲剂16,17。
这项技术背后的基本原理可以描述如下。氢氧化镁在蒸馏水中略有溶解性, 它可以用 OH–的消耗逐渐溶入脱胶溶液, 并使脱胶液的 pH 值和氧化能力保持在适当的范围内18。氢氧化镁的取代率 (SR) 被定义为氢氧化镁在总碱用量为10% 时所取代的氢氧化钠的摩尔比例, 并可通过以下公式计算替代率。此外, Mg2 +可以防止过度氧化导致的纤维素降解,19,20。
在这里, M2 (g) 是重量的 Mg (OH)2, M1 (g) 是氢氧化钠的重量, 40 是氢氧化钠的分子量, 58 是分子量的 mg (oh)2, 2 是在 mg (oh)2中的 “职业” 的数量, 而 SR 是替代率。
本协议的技术可以推广到碱式过氧化氢系统中的植物材料的提取、漂白和改性。然而, 必须指出的是, 碱性过氧化氢系统的 pH 值和反应温度的选择是这项技术的关键21。碱性过氧化氢系统的 pH 值可以通过改变置换率17来调整。碱过氧化氢体系的 pH 值和氧化能力随取代率的增加而降低。当反应温度设定在85° c 时, 自由基反应在系统中起主要作用, 系统的强氧化性适合于溶解物料;当反应温度设定在125° c 时, 自由基反应被抑制, 系统中存在大量的呼出, 使系统适合漂白19。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Mg (OH)2的设置取代率和反应温度是该协议的重点。Mg (OH)2取代率可以影响脱胶溶液的 pH 值和氧化能力。最好的 Mg (OH)2替代率苎麻脱胶是 20%, 因为纤维素不能得到足够的保护下的替代率低于 20%, 和过量的剩余牙龈 (低 DP 值和结晶度) 将保留在纤维低于 20% (图 4A) 的替代率。
反应温度会影响过氧化氢的反应途径。苎麻氧化脱胶过程中?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项工作得到了中国农业科学与技术创新研究院 (grant CARS-19)、中国农业科技学院 (ASTIP-IBFC07)、创新基金 (赠款号) 等专项基金的支持。为东华大学研究生 (格兰特号 16D310107), “小萍科技创新团队” (产业化综合研究 & 开发的麻纤维生物脱胶), 中国奖学金委员会。
Materials
| Hydrogen peroxide, 30% | Fisher Scientific | H325-100 | Chemical for degumming |
| Magnesium hydroxide, 99% | Fisher Scientific | AA1236722 | Chemical for degumming |
| Sodium hydroxide | Fisher Scientific | S318-1 | Chemical for degumming |
| Sodium bisulfite | Fisher Scientific | S654-500 | Chemical for degumming |
| Sodium tripolyphosphate | Fisher Scientific | AC218675000 | Chemical for degumming |
| Anthraquinone, >98% | Fisher Scientific | AC104930500 | Chemical for degumming |
| 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid | Fisher Scientific | 50-901-10243 | Chemical for degumming |
| Degumming oil | Minglong auxiliaries limited liability company, Yiyang, Hunan,China | —— | Chemical for degumming |
| Ethyl alcohol | Fisher Scientific | A962-4 | Chemical for testing |
| Benzene | Fisher Scientific | AA43817AE | Chemical for testing |
| Copper wire,0.5mm (0.02in) dia | Fisher Scientific | AA10783H4 | Chemical for testing |
| Cupriethylenediamine solution 1mol/L | Fisher Scientific | 24991 | Chemical for testing, caution toxic |
| Nitric acid (65% ~68% ) | Fisher Scientific | A200-612GAL | Chemical for testing, caution |
| Ethylenediamine | Fisher Scientific | AC118420100 | Chemical for testing |
| Potassium permanganate | Fisher Scientific | P279-500 | Chemical for testing |
| Sulphuric acid | Fisher Scientific | A300C-212 | Chemical for testing |
| Silver sulfate | Fisher Scientific | S190-25 | Chemical for testing |
| Raw ramie | Guangyuan limited liability company, Changde, Hunan,China | —— | Raw materials |
| Electric-heated thermostatic water bath | Senxin Experiment equipment limited liability company,Shanghai,China | DK-S28 | Equipments for degumming |
| High temperature lbaorator dyeing machine | Shanghai Longda chemcials Crop. | RY-1261 | Equipments for degumming |
| Thermometer | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 100 °C | Equipments for degumming |
| Vacuum suction machine | Yukang KNET ,Shanghai,China | SHB-IIIA | Equipments for testing Mg(OH)2 solublity |
| Suction flask | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 1000mL | Equipments for testing Mg(OH)2 solublity |
| Sand-core funnels | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 35mL | Equipments for testing Mg(OH)2 solublity |
| Oxidation reduction potential meter | Dapu instrument, Shanghai, China | MODEL 421 | Equipments for testing ORP value |
| pH meter | Hanna instruments,Beijing,China | HI 98129 | Equipments for testing pH value |
| Acid burette | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 50mL | Equipments for testing H2O2 content |
| Flask | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 250mL/500mL | Equipments for testing H2O2 content; residual gums content |
| Electric furnace | Jiangyi Experiment instruments limited liability company,Shanghai,China | 800-2000W | Equipments for testing residual gums content |
| Reflux condensing tube | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 250mL | Equipments for testing residual gums content; COD value |
| Fiber cutter (40mm) | Changzhou No.2 Textile Machine Co.,Ltd | Y171A | Equipments for testing fiber density |
| Ostwald viscometer | Taizhou, jiaojiang, glass instruments company | 0.6mm | Equipments for testing fiber PD value |
| Spherical fat extractor | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 250mL | Equipments for testing fiber PD value |
| Soxhlet extractor | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 250mL | Equipments for testing fiber PD value |
| Torsion balance | Liangping instrucments Co.,Ltd,Shanghai, China | JN-B | Equipments for testing fiber density |
| Fiber strength instrument | Xinxian instruments, shanghai,China | XQ-2 | Equipments for testing fiber tensile property |
| Tension clamp | Depu textile technology Co.,Ltd, Changzhou, jiangsu, China | 0.3cN/dtex | Equipments for testing fiber tensile property |
| COD thermostatic heater | Qiangdao Xuyu environment protection technology Lit company | DL-801A | Equipments for testing COD value |
| FTIR | Thermo Fisher, America | Nicolet | FTIR analysis |
| XRD | Rigaku, Japan | D/max-2550 PC | XRD analysis |
| Electronic balance | Shanghai jingtian Electronic instrument Co.,Ltd | FA2004A | Generral equipments |
| Drying oven | Tonglixinda instruments, Tianjin,China | 101-2AS | Generral equipments |
| Weighing bottle | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 50×30 | Generral equipments |
| Beaker | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 500mL | Generral equipments |
| Sample sieve | Xiaojin hardware instruments Co.,Ltd, Shangyu, Zhejiang | 120 mesh | Generral equipments |
| Glass rod | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | —— | Generral equipments |
| Cylinder | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 250mL, 50mL | Generral equipments |
| Pipette | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | 5mL, 10mL | Generral equipments |
| Rubber suction bulb | Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd | —— | Generral equipments |
| Orign | OriginLab | 8.0 | Software for figure drawing |
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