实验性的:转移性黑色素瘤小鼠模型:研究黑色素瘤细胞在肺部转移潜力的平台

- 实验转移模型有助于评估血管内注射后肿瘤细胞在特定部位外渗和增殖的可能性。首先，使用适当的培养基制备所需浓度的黑色素瘤细胞单细胞悬液。将悬浮液装入注射器中。

接下来，将老鼠限制在房间中并固定它，以便可以接触到它的尾巴。将鼠标旋转 90 度以可视化其侧静脉。使用加热灯提高环境温度以扩张尾静脉。现在，将针头插入尾部的远端，并将准备好的黑色素瘤细胞悬液注射到扩张的静脉中。

注射的转移性肿瘤细胞通过循环系统迁移。最终，其中一些细胞从循环中渗出到遥远的器官，如肺。这些肿瘤细胞适应新的微环境以增殖并建立实验转移灶。

在下面的方案中，我们将演示将 B16-BL6 黑色素瘤细胞的尾静脉注射到小鼠模型中，以研究它们的转移潜力。

- 制备完所有 B16-BL6 细胞悬液后，选择一只小鼠。抓住它的尾巴，引导动物先后退，进入束缚器。当老鼠的躯干在主腔室中，尾巴在设备外时，继续将动物拉向约束装置的末端。

接下来，插入限制器柱塞并继续推动柱塞，直到鼠标固定。动物就位后，将鼠标旋转 90 度，使其中一个侧尾静脉朝上。然后，使用酒精棉片大力清洁小鼠尾巴静脉最明显的一侧。

为了准备注射，首先将每毫升 050 万个细胞的 300 微升悬浮液收集到注射器中。然后，通过倒置注射器、轻弹其侧面并推动柱塞从注射器中弹出气泡。去除气泡后，弹出细胞培养物，在注射器中产生 250 μL 的最终体积。

继续用非惯用手伸展鼠标尾巴。握住它，使食指抬高尾巴的近端，拇指压低远端。用惯用手将针头以微小的向下角度插入尾巴远端的静脉中。然后，进一步插入针头，调整它以使其与尾静脉的角度相匹配。

将针头插入尾静脉约 1 厘米处，开始推动柱塞，同时保持注射器稳定。将纱布抵住入口部位以止血。细胞悬液弹出后，从静脉中取出针头并丢弃。接下来，从限制器上取下柱塞，并将鼠标放入接收器笼中。

• Experimental metastasis models - Tools to evaluate tumor cells' propensity to extravasate and proliferate following intravascular injection.
• Melanoma - A potent type of skin cancer that can spread to other organs like the lungs.
• B16-BL6 melanoma cells - Specific melanoma cells used in research for their metastatic potential.
• Tail vein injection - Technique to introduce substances directly into the bloodstream for experimental purposes.
• Metastatic foci - The sites where cancer cells adapt, proliferate and establish after traveling from the original tumor site.

• Melanoma metastasis - This describes how melanoma cells spread from the primary site to other parts of the body (e.g., lungs).
• Basics of tail vein injection - This procedure is a method of administering substances directly into the bloodstream (e.g., B16-BL6 melanoma cells).
• Metastatic foci formation process - This describes how injected cancer cells adapt to new environments, leading to metastasis.
• Link to mouse model - B16-BL6 melanoma cells are injected into a mouse model to study their metastatic potential.

• What is melanoma and how does it metastasize to the lungs?
• What is the purpose of tail vein injection in the metastatic model?
• How do melanoma cells form metastatic foci in distant organs?

• Targeted cancer treatments - Understanding metastasis could guide development of targeted therapies (e.g., for melanoma).
• Cancer research - The B16 mouse model aids in understanding cancer spread (e.g., melanoma metastasis).
• Medical advancements - Learning about metastasis contributes to treating other metastatic cancers (e.g., lung metastasis).
• Innovations in metastasis study - The study of metastasis helps in improving cancer diagnosis and prognosis methods.