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Neuroscience
免疫荧光定量小鼠脑突触蛋白的异种分布
免疫荧光定量小鼠脑突触蛋白的异种分布
JoVE Journal
Neuroscience
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence

免疫荧光定量小鼠脑突触蛋白的异种分布

Full Text
8,464 Views
09:18 min
January 29, 2019

DOI: 10.3791/58940-v

Rebecca Wallrafen1, Thomas Dresbach1, Julio S. Viotti1

1Institute of Anatomy and Embryology,University Medical Center Göttingen

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a quantitative method to analyze the distribution of a synaptic protein using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. The method allows for the evaluation of protein distribution ratios rather than absolute fluorescence levels, making it adaptable for various biological tissues beyond the brain.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunofluorescence Techniques

Background

  • Detection of synaptic proteins is critical for understanding neuronal function.
  • Immunofluorescence staining is prone to variability, which this method mitigates.
  • The technique can be used across different tissues and model organisms.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop an accurate approach for quantifying synaptic protein distributions.
  • To assess heterogeneity in protein distribution at various brain levels.
  • To refine protein analysis techniques suitable for multiple biological contexts.

Methods Used

  • Immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscopy on brain slices.
  • Utilization of previously isolated mouse brain tissues as a biological model.
  • Cryopreservation and sectioning of brain tissue at 25 micrometers thickness.
  • Stepwise washing and incubation procedures for antibody application and staining.
  • Image analysis using FIJI software for quantifying fluorescence intensities.

Main Results

  • The method provides a clear depiction of protein distribution across brain regions.
  • Different synaptic proteins display heterogeneous and homogenous patterns in distribution.
  • High cell-density areas showed brighter signals, indicating the effectiveness of DAPI staining.

Conclusions

  • This study enhances the ability to quantitatively assess synaptic protein distribution.
  • The method is versatile, enabling analyses across varied tissues and model systems.
  • Understanding these distribution patterns can provide insights into neuronal mechanisms and potential disease models.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main advantages of this immunofluorescence technique?
This technique minimizes variability by using ratios of fluorescence intensities instead of absolute values, allowing for more reliable assessments of protein distributions across tissues.
How can this method be applied to different biological models?
The protocol is adaptable for various tissues and organisms, making it suitable for studies beyond mouse brain samples.
What types of data can be obtained using this method?
Data regarding the distribution patterns of synaptic proteins can be quantified and compared to reference proteins, revealing spatial heterogeneity.
What are the critical steps in the protocol?
Key steps include cryoprotecting the brain tissue, precise sectioning, thorough washing between incubations, and careful image analysis using software.
Are there any limitations to this technique?
While this method is robust, potential limitations include the dependence on the quality of antibodies and possible photobleaching during microscopy.

在这里, 我们描述了一种定量的方法来确定突触蛋白相对于标记蛋白使用免疫荧光染色, 共聚焦显微镜, 和基于计算机的分析。

在这里,我们描述了一个利用免疫荧光、共体显微镜和基于计算机的分析来确定突触蛋白相对于参考蛋白的分布的协议。我们的方法通过使用比而不是绝对荧光水平来规避免疫荧光染色的固有变异性。此外,通过这种方法,您可以分析不同水平上蛋白质分布的异质性。

从整个大脑切片到大脑区域,甚至亚区域,如海马的不同层。这种技术可以适应,以确定在大脑和模型系统以外的不同组织中,除了小鼠的蛋白质分布。首先清洗以前分离的固定小鼠大脑,如手稿中所述。

然后将大脑转移到15毫升的反应管与30%蔗糖0.1摩尔PB。低温保护大脑在4摄氏度下孵育48小时或直到它下沉。之后,使用锋利的刀片修剪低温保护的大脑,这取决于感兴趣的区域。然后将大脑放在低温模具中,并添加最佳切割温度化合物,使其嵌入,确保避免气泡并正确定位大脑,以便有一个切削的日冕平面。

将低温模具放在零下80摄氏度的冰柜中,直到冷冻固体。将冷冻组织安装在低温微原子上,并等待至少 15 分钟,然后切入,以平衡其与微原子温度。开始将大脑切成25微米厚的日冕片。

小心地使用玻璃钩到第一片的 OCT,不要接触脑组织。十进制将坚持在玻璃钩上。使用玻璃钩将大脑切片转移到第一个井中。

在充满 0.1 摩尔 PB 的 24 井板中收集每井三个相邻切片。将切片存放在摄氏四度,直到染色长达两周。要准备免疫染色的切片,请使用塑料移液器从一个井中去除PB溶液,而无需在脑片中绘制。然后使用1000微升移液器添加250微升新鲜PB洗涤多余的10月。

此时对每一个井重复这种清洗,以避免将切片晾干。然后,使用塑料移液器将 PB 溶液从第一个井中拆下。使用 1000 微升移液器,每井添加 250 微升的阻塞缓冲器,再次很好地工作。

在室温下在摇床上孵育板三个小时。在孵育过程中,每井向反应管中加入250微升抗体缓冲液。然后使用2微升移液器将适当数量的抗体直接加入溶液中,然后轻轻地上下移液几次混合。

然后涡流这种稀释的抗体不确定正确的混合。通过用塑料移液器去除阻塞缓冲液,每井添加250微升原抗体溶液,工作良好。在四摄氏度的摇床上孵育板。

第二天,用塑料移液器去除抗体溶液。在室温下,每井用300微升的洗涤缓冲液清洗切片,每井洗10分钟,每次洗涤。在洗涤过程中,在黑暗中工作,在反应管中稀释氟化物,产生几秒抗体,与以前使用原抗体时相同。

洗涤完成后,用塑料移液器取出洗涤液,每井加入250微升的二级抗体溶液。在室温下在黑暗中孵育90分钟。完成孵育后,用塑料移液器去除抗体溶液。

用洗涤缓冲液二用洗涤缓冲器二次洗涤三次,与用洗涤缓冲液一相同的方式清洗。在洗涤过程中稀释DAPI污渍在0.1摩尔PB达到1至2000浓度。从板上取出洗涤缓冲液后,加入 250 微升 DAPI 溶液,并在摇床的室温下孵育 5 分钟。

使用塑料移液器去除 DAPI 溶液后,使用 1000 微升移液器每井添加 500 微升 0.1 摩尔 PB。将显微镜幻灯片放在立体镜下。使用精细画笔在幻灯片上添加三个单独的 0.1 摩尔 PB 滴。

使用画笔在幻灯片上放置每一滴一个切片,然后拼合并定向切片。正确定位所有切片后,使用纸纸巾去除多余的 PB 并仔细干燥,而无需完全干燥切片。然后将80微升嵌入介质添加到幻灯片上,然后用盖板小心地盖住它,以嵌入大脑切片。

盖住幻灯片,避免光线照射,让它们干燥在烟罩中一到两个小时,然后将它们存放在四摄氏度的显微镜幻灯片盒中,直到准备好进行共和显微镜。获取整个大脑切片的虚拟组织后,如手稿中描述的所述,通过单击文件然后打开,将所有单个通道或一个图像加载到 FIJI 中。然后使用自由手选择工具在 DAPI 通道中描绘一个半球。

单击编辑,然后选择,然后创建蒙版以创建所选区域的蒙版。然后点击分析,然后测量颗粒,以确定单个通道的均度荧光强度。确保选择单个通道以确定每个通道的均度荧光强度值。

之后,将单个通道的均荧光强度复制到电子表格中。要确定感兴趣区域中单个通道的均荧光强度,请使用自由手选择工具划定该区域。用DAPI染色后,染色核脑部分具有双核形态,细胞密度高的区域比细胞密度低的区域更亮。

与 Mover 抗体的染色揭示了异构分布与明亮的热点区域和整个大脑的变暗区域,其中 Synapto 物理揭示了更均匀的分布。图像叠加显示红色荧光的差分分布,指示移动蛋白与绿色荧光相比,绿色荧光表示 Synapto 物理。量化分析后,对于 Mover 和 Synapto 物理,已确定跨半球和感兴趣区域不同通道的荧光强度值。

移动器荧光值与 Synapto 物理荧光值的比率显示移动器的异构分布,相对于 Synaptic 囊泡而言,移动器水平高至低。相对 Mover 丰度与整个半球的感兴趣区域的比率相比,并转换为百分比显示一个感兴趣区域相对于平均值存在多少 Mover。相对移动丰度确定为海马区子领域的不同层。

通过比较相应图层中的比率与相应半球的比率来量化三个感兴趣区域。此过程可以很容易地适应,并结合不同的成像技术,如超分辨率显微镜,进一步确定感兴趣的蛋白质的亚细胞分布。该技术也可以应用于不同的模型系统,如转基因或药物治疗的动物。

这允许对不同的实验条件甚至物种进行比较。

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