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Biology
福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋细胞沉淀免疫组化对照的标准化处理
福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋细胞沉淀免疫组化对照的标准化处理
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Biology
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JoVE Journal Biology
Standardized Processing for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cell Pellet Immunohistochemistry Controls

福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋细胞沉淀免疫组化对照的标准化处理

Full Text
9,370 Views
06:43 min
July 27, 2022

DOI: 10.3791/64276-v

Charles Havnar1, Kathy Hotzel1, Carmina Espiritu1, Amy Lo1, Joshua D. Webster1

1Department of Pathology,Genentech

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article presents a detailed protocol for generating formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell pellet controls specifically for immunohistochemistry assays. The methodology is crucial for ensuring accurate characterization of binding specificity during new assay development.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Assay development
  • Biomarker characterization

Background

  • Importance of well-defined positive and negative controls in assay development
  • Use of fixed cell pellets to evaluate antibody specificity
  • Role of controls in therapeutic area research and biomarker discovery

Methods Used

  • Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding of cell pellets
  • Human 293T cell line
  • Immunolabeling and hybridization assays

Main Results

  • Successfully created standardized controls with uniform cell distribution
  • Demonstrated varying expression levels of the TEAD transcription factor
  • Facilitated comparative evaluation of controls using microarrays

Conclusions

  • Establishes the protocol as a reliable method for creating controls in immunohistochemistry
  • Enhances assay accuracy in evaluating minimally characterized proteins

Frequently Asked Questions

What are cell pellet controls used for?
Cell pellet controls are used to assess the specificity and reliability of immunohistochemistry assays.
How does fixation affect the quality of cell pellets?
Proper fixation ensures adequate preservation and distribution of cells, crucial for accurate assay results.
Can this protocol be applied to other cell lines?
Yes, the protocol can be adapted for different cell lines for various biomarker studies.
What is the significance of using both positive and negative controls?
Positive and negative controls help validate the specificity and efficacy of the assay being developed.
At what temperature should the agarose gel be mixed?
The hydroxyethyl agarose gel should be heated to 40 degrees Celsius before mixing with the cell pellet.
How can these cell pellet controls improve therapeutic development?
They provide a reliable standard for assessing biomarker expression, aiding in therapeutic discovery and validation.
Are there any applications outside immunohistochemistry?
Yes, these controls can also be utilized in NC2 hybridization assays and other similar applications.

这里介绍的是用于生成用于免疫组织化学的福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋的细胞沉淀对照的方案。

具有明确蛋白质或转录本表达水平的表征良好的阳性和阴性细胞沉淀对照对于开发免疫组织化学测定至关重要。该协议描述了用于创建和处理配方固定,石蜡包埋的细胞沉淀对照的过程。这种质控可用于表征结合特异性,同时开发新的免疫组织化学测定。

IHC检测对于我们在治疗领域的发现和生物标志物开发工作至关重要,开发经过验证的对照对于开发这些检测至关重要。在将羟乙基琼脂糖基凝胶添加到细胞沉淀中之前,必须将其加热到至少40摄氏度。凝胶在固化前必须与细胞充分混合。

通过将 30 毫升 10% 中性缓冲福尔马林添加到 3 毫升细胞沉淀中来开始固定 293T 细胞沉淀,以产生 10:1 的固定剂与细胞的比例。通过反复倒置紧密盖的50毫升管来重悬细胞,并让它们在室温下沉降过夜。为了改善固定,通过在第二天倒置管并重悬细胞来增加表面体积比。

固定 24 小时后,将试管以 930 倍 G 在 5 摄氏度下离心 10 至 15 分钟。确保细胞沉淀可见,并使用无菌转移移液管倾析或小心吸出固定剂以去除固定剂。将40至60摄氏度的熔融羟乙基琼脂糖基凝胶以1至4的凝胶与细胞沉淀的比例添加到沉淀中。

使用干净的五英寸和两毫米尖端的纯电极,用自来水冲洗眼睛,轻轻搅拌50毫升锥形管的内容物,在底部的熔融凝胶中产生固定细胞的均匀悬浮液。将固定细胞均匀悬浮在熔融凝胶中后,盖上编年史管并将其放在湿冰上5至10分钟。凝胶沉淀凝固后,小心地将干净的微型刮刀放在管的侧面,并轻轻地利用沉淀而不刺穿它。

将固化的颗粒放在活检纸上。使用干净的微型刮刀,将细胞沉淀切成四到五毫米厚的切片,以适合 26 毫米 x 26 毫米 x 5 毫米的组织盒。将单个凝胶颗粒切片放在一张活检纸的中心。

折叠两个相对的面,用纸包裹切片,然后将其放入 26 x 26 x 5 毫米的组织盒中。合上盖子。将修剪好的细胞沉淀盒放入装有10%中性缓冲福尔马林的组织处理器蒸馏器中,并以较短的处理计划运行。

为了包埋细胞沉淀,将处理过的盒放入包埋中心的保持区域。打开组织盒盖,小心地展开活检纸。将细胞沉淀面朝下放入 15 x 15 毫米的小型一次性包埋模具中。

同时用镊子轻轻地将细胞沉淀固定在模具底部,将62摄氏度的组织浸润或嵌入模具中,覆盖细胞沉淀。将模具移动到冷块上以固化石蜡。在石蜡凝固时调整细胞沉淀,并将其固定在模具底部的适当位置。

从盒中取下盖子。将暗盒底部朝下放在包埋模具的顶部,并添加额外的熔融石蜡以覆盖盒。当石蜡填充在组织盒上时,将模具放回冷块进行凝固。

从浮选浴中拿起使用旋转切片机制备的石蜡切片到带正电荷的载玻片上。将第一部分放在载玻片顶部的盖玻片和染色边界内,然后将下一部分连续放置为一个下方。完成后,首先在 23 摄氏度下干燥载玻片 24 小时,然后在 60 摄氏度下干燥 30 分钟。

使用该方法制备的包埋细胞沉淀在整个切片中显示出均匀的细胞分布,沉淀中的细胞聚集和相互作用最小。当用棕色二氨基苯、色原和三个细胞系观察免疫标记时,在细胞核中观察到不同水平的TEAD转录因子表达,范围从无到弱,再到强表达。将细胞沉淀掺入微阵列中可以评估同一载玻片中具有不同表达水平的对照,而不会改变程序。

如本例所示,可以看到PEG 10缺陷小鼠胚胎干细胞的阴性对照和过表达PEG 10的293T细胞的阳性对照。确保细胞充分固定并均匀分布在整个凝胶沉淀中,可创建统一的标准化检测对照。细胞沉淀可用作下游免疫组织化学和NC2杂交测定的对照,具有标准抗原修复和标记方法。

细胞沉淀对照使许多免疫组织化学测定的发展成为可能,特别是对于新型或特征最小的蛋白质。它们是定义明确的对照,可以帮助表征抗体特异性。

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