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Biology
成虫黑腹果蝇化学毒性评估
成虫黑腹果蝇化学毒性评估
JoVE Journal
Biology
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Biology
Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

成虫黑腹果蝇化学毒性评估

Full Text
4,124 Views
07:02 min
March 24, 2023

DOI: 10.3791/65029-v

Jessica M. Holsopple*1,2, Shannon R. Smoot*1, Ellen M. Popodi1,2, John K. Colbourne3, Joseph R. Shaw4, Brian Oliver5, Thomas C. Kaufman1, Jason M. Tennessen1

1Department of Biology,Indiana University, 2Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, Department of Biology,Indiana University, 3School of Biosciences,University of Birmingham, 4O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs,Indiana University, 5Section of Developmental Genomics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney and Digestive Diseases,National Institutes of Health

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This protocol presents a cost-effective method for evaluating the impact of chemical toxicants on the viability of adult Drosophila melanogaster. It aims to establish Drosophila as a standard model in chemical safety testing, paving the way for new alternative methodologies.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Toxicology
  • Genetic modeling
  • Chemical safety testing

Background

  • Importance of Drosophila melanogaster in genetic research
  • Development of new approach methodologies (NAMs)
  • Need for efficient chemical assessment protocols

Methods Used

  • Utilizing liquid media for chemical exposure
  • Assessment of adult fruit flies
  • Evaluation of lethality at varying sodium arsenite concentrations

Main Results

  • Establishment of lethal dose values (LD10, LD25, LD50) for male and female flies
  • Impact of toxicants on fly viability and feeding behaviors
  • Protocol usability for genomic and metabolomic studies

Conclusions

  • This study provides a foundational protocol for using Drosophila melanogaster in toxicological research.
  • The findings enhance understanding of chemical safety testing, contributing to advancements in precision toxicology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What organism is used in this protocol?
The protocol uses adult Drosophila melanogaster.
What is the main purpose of this study?
To assess the effects of chemical toxicants on the viability of fruit flies.
How is chemical exposure administered?
Chemical exposure is administered using liquid media in specially prepared vials.
What measurements are taken to assess toxicity?
Lethality at various concentrations, feeding behaviors, and physical markers of toxicity.
What are NAMs?
NAMs refer to new approach methodologies for assessing chemical safety.
How can the results be applied?
Results can be utilized for genomic and metabolomic studies related to toxicology.
What does LD10, LD25, and LD50 refer to?
These values indicate the lethal doses of a toxicant that result in 10%, 25%, and 50% mortality respectively.

该协议描述了一种有效且廉价的方法,该方法使用液体培养基来评估化学毒物对成年 黑腹果蝇活力的影响。

该协议是将果蝇确立为化学安全测试的标准模型和开发通常称为NAMs的新方法的重要一步。该协议描述了一种有效且廉价的方法,该方法利用液体培养基来评估化学毒物对成年果蝇黑腹果蝇活力的影响。首先堆叠四张一级纤维素色谱纸,并将它们切成两英寸宽的条状。

使用含有花形染料的 1.5 英寸打孔器冲出花形滤纸插入物。使用22×220毫米的无清漆木销将滤纸堆推到直径为28.5毫米的聚丙烯小瓶的底部。确保堆叠牢固地位于小瓶底部。

将准备好的小瓶存放在塑料或纸板托盘中,并将托盘放入大塑料袋中直至使用。打开装有苍蝇的玻璃小瓶,将其放在准备好的塑料小瓶的嘴上,通过将塑料小瓶的底部敲击工作台,将分类的性匹配苍蝇转移到饥饿小瓶中。用醋酸纤维素塞或flug关闭塑料小瓶,并记录在此转移中丢失的任何苍蝇。

用条纹标记含有雌性苍蝇的饥饿瓶。为避免意外混合,请将带有邮件苍蝇的小瓶不加标记。通过在底部放置六张标准纸巾来准备湿度室过夜暴露。

然后用100毫升水浸泡纸巾,并将塑料网格放在湿毛巾上,以确保小瓶不会与饱和的纸巾接触。将饥饿小瓶的托盘放置在湿度室内的水平位置后,将湿度室转移到25摄氏度的培养箱中过夜孵育。要制备化学暴露瓶,请将每瓶含有20只苍蝇的四瓶饥饿的雌性苍蝇转移到每种化学浓度的四个暴露瓶中。

将这些小瓶标记为女性。通过将一瓶饥饿的雌性苍蝇转移到每种化学浓度的蓝色暴露瓶中来制备含有蓝色染料的化学暴露瓶。将此小瓶标记为女性。

记录转移后每个小瓶中存在的苍蝇数量,并记下死亡或逃逸的数量。通常,所有 20 只苍蝇都应该在一夜饥饿和转移中幸存下来。将暴露小瓶水平放置在新鲜制备的湿度室中,然后将该室置于湿度约为60%的25摄氏度培养箱中,并且12至12小时的光照至黑暗循环。

在化学品暴露开始后 24 小时和 48 小时检查暴露瓶。在每个时间点计算并记录每个小瓶中的死苍蝇。为了确定暴露的苍蝇在接触24小时后是否消耗了蓝色暴露瓶中的蓝色暴露介质,请检查小瓶壁是否有蓝色粪便的迹象,这些粪便在暴露瓶和流的侧面显示为小点。

接下来,在检查腹部是否存在蓝色染料之前,使用二氧化碳麻醉苍蝇。检查苍蝇的异常摄食行为,如反流、作物扩张和肠道屏障功能崩溃。完成后,将所有受污染的小瓶,滤纸,塞子和苍蝇丢弃在适当的化学废物容器中。

如果活苍蝇留在小瓶中,请先冷冻小瓶,然后再将它们丢弃在适当的废物容器中。通过将成年器官或雄性和雌性苍蝇暴露在砷钠浓度从0到2毫摩尔的范围内来确定方案功效,以在暴露48小时后对致死率进行评分。在随后的实验中,选择0到5毫摩尔浓度,更精确地定义了砷钠剂量反应曲线。

基于该模型,喂食砷钠的雄蝇的最终致死剂量或LD 10,LD 25和LD 50分别为0.30毫摩尔,0.50毫摩尔和0.65毫摩尔。雌性果蝇的LD 10为0.30毫摩尔,LD 25为0.65毫摩尔,LD 50为0.90毫摩尔。在喂食含有砷酸钠溶液的1%F D和C蓝的雄性和雌性果蝇中,摄入的食物偶尔以高于雌性0.2毫摩尔和雄性0.5毫摩尔的剂量反流,这表明反流可能在砷中毒的渣丝反应中起关键作用。

遵循此暴露方案,可以轻松收集苍蝇进行进一步分析,包括基因组和代谢组学研究。该协议是建立果蝇黑腹果蝇作为进行大规模精确毒理学研究的常见遗传模型的第一步。

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