Chapter 13
Chemical Kinetics

The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the…

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a…

Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant…

While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates…

The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical…

The Arrhenius equation relates the activation energy and the rate constant, k, for chemical reactions. In the Arrhenius equation, k = Ae−Ea/RT,…

Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This…

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being…

Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating
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Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to produce biofuels has received significant attention because of the quest for a replacement for fossil fuels.…

Amino alcohols are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications. For instance, they have been used as chiral scaffolds in organic synthesis.…