纳米金刚石的生物激发多巴胺表面改性及其对银纳米粒子的还原
Summary
提出了一种用多巴胺对纳米十二烷表面进行功能化的简便协议。
Abstract
由于 nd 表面功能基团的多样性, 纳米粒子 (nds) 的表面功能化仍然具有挑战性。在这里, 我们展示了一个简单的协议, 多功能表面改性的 nds 使用肌肉启发多巴胺 (pda) 涂层。此外, pda 在 nd 上的功能层可作为合成和稳定金属纳米颗粒的还原剂。如果将 nd 和多巴胺简单地混合在一起, 多巴胺 (da) 可以在 nd 表面自行聚合并自发形成多巴胺层。pda 层的厚度通过改变 da 浓度来控制。典型结果表明, 将 da 悬浮液加入 50 ~ 100μg/ml 到 100 nm nd 悬浮液可以达到 pda 层的厚度 ~ 5 ~ 15 nm。此外, pda-nd 被用作基材, 以减少金属离子, 如银 [(nh3)2]+, 以银纳米粒子 (agnps).agnps 的大小取决于银 [(nh3)2]+ 的初始浓度。随着 ag [(nh3)2] + 浓度的增加, nps 的数量增加, 以及 nps 的直径增加。总之, 这项研究不仅提出了一种简单的方法来修改 nd 的表面与 pda, 而且还演示了通过锚定各种感兴趣的物种 (如 agnps) 的先进应用的 nd 的增强功能。
Introduction
纳米金刚石 (nds) 是一种新型的碳基材料, 近年来在各种应用中得到了广泛的关注 1,2。例如, nds 的高表面积为金属纳米粒子 (nps) 提供了出色的催化剂支持, 因为它们具有超化学稳定性和导热性 3。此外, nd 由于具有出色的生物相容性和非毒性4,5, 在生物成像、生物传感和药物输送方面发挥着重要作用。
为了有效地扩展它们的功能, 在 nds 表面结合功能物种 (如蛋白质、核酸和纳米粒子6) 是很有价值的。虽然在纯化过程中, 在 nd 表面上产生了多种功能基团 (如羟基、羧基、内酯等), 但由于每个官能团的密度较低, 功能基团的共轭产率仍然很低。活性化学组7。这将导致不稳定的 nd, 这往往会聚合, 从而限制进一步的应用程序8。
目前, 最常用的方法功能化 nd, 是共价共轭使用铜无点击化学 9, 共价键的肽核酸(pna)10, 和自组装 dna11。还提出了 nds 的非共价包装, 包括碳水化合物改性 bsa4和 hsa12涂层。然而, 由于这些方法耗时且效率低下, 因此最好能开发一种简单且普遍适用的方法来修改 nd 的表面。
多巴胺 (da)13, 被称为大脑中的天然神经递质, 被广泛用于粘附和功能化纳米粒子, 如金纳米颗粒 (aunps)14, fe 2o315,和 sio216.自聚合 pda 层丰富氨基和酚类, 可进一步用于直接减少金属纳米颗粒或在水溶液中容易固定含有硫醇胺的生物分子。这一简单的方法最近被秦氏等人应用于 nd 的功能化。和我们的实验室17,18, 虽然 da 衍生物被用于修改nds 通过点击化学在早期的研究19,20。
在这里, 我们描述了一种简单的基于 pda 的表面修正方法, 它有效地实现了 nd 的功能化。通过改变 da 的浓度, 我们可以控制 pda 层的厚度从几纳米到几十纳米。此外, 金属纳米颗粒直接减少并稳定在 pda 表面, 而不需要额外的有毒还原剂。银纳米粒子的大小取决于银 [(nh3)2]+ 的初始浓度.这种方法允许 pda 在 nd 表面上的良好控制沉积和 nd 共轭 agnps的合成,极大地扩展了 nd 作为催化剂载体、生物成像和生物传感器。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
本文提供了一个详细的协议, 说明了自聚合 da 涂层对 nd 的表面功能化, 以及 pda 层上的 ag [(nh3)2]+还原到 agnps (图 3).该策略能够通过简单地改变 da 浓度来产生各种厚度的 pda 层。agnps 的大小也可以通过改变金属离子溶液的原始浓度来控制。图 1 a 中的 tem 图像显示了未涂布的 100 nm nds, 这些 nd 倾向于形成微簇和聚合。?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项研究得到了国家科学基金会 (ccf 1814797) 和密苏里大学研究委员会、材料研究中心和密苏里科技大学艺术与科学学院的支持
Materials
| Nanodiamond | FND Biotech, Inc. | brFND-100 | dispersed in water, and used without further purification |
| Dopamine hydrochloride | Sigma | H8502-25G | prepare freshly |
| Silver Nitrate | Fisher | S181-25 | |
| Ammonium Hydroxide | Fisher | A669S-500 | highly toxic |
| Tris Hydrochloride | Fisher | BP153-500 | |
| TEM grid carbon film | Ted Pella | 01843-F | 300 mesh copper |
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