Brodmann Area 44 45
Brodmann Area 44 45 - Related Videos
09:31
Orthotopic Implantation and Peripheral Immune Cell Monitoring in the II-45 Syngeneic Rat Mesothelioma Model
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Cited by 2 •
2015
The generation of an orthotopic rat model of pleural malignant mesothelioma by implantation of II-45 mesothelioma cells into the pleural cavity of immune competent rats is presented. A flow cytometric method to analyze seven immune cell subsets in these animals from a 25 µl blood sample is also described.
05:20
Determination of 45 Pesticides in Avocado Varieties by the QuEChERS Method and Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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2023
The present protocol describes the analysis of multiclass pesticide residues in avocado varieties using the Quick-Easy-Cheap-Effective-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS) method with ammonium formate, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
10:15
An Introduction to Neuroanatomy
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2023
Neuroanatomy is the study of nervous system structures and how they relate to function. One focus of neuroanatomists is the macroscopic structures within the central and peripheral nervous systems, like the cortical folds on the surface of the brain. However, scientists in this field are also interested in the microscopic relationships between neurons and glia - the two major cell types of the nervous system. This video provides a brief overview of the history of neuroanatomical research,...
09:38
Strain Sensing Based on Multiscale Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets
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Cited by 4 •
2016
The integration of conductive nanoparticles, such as graphene nanoplatelets, into glass fiber composite materials creates an intrinsic electrical network susceptible to strain. Here, different methods to obtain strain sensors based on the addition of graphene nanoplatelets into the epoxy matrix or as a coating on glass fabrics are proposed.
14:14
Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications
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Cited by 11 •
2014
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are prognostic in several metastatic cancers. This manuscript describes the gold standard CellSearch system (CSS) CTC enumeration platform and highlights common misclassification errors. In addition, two adapted protocols are described for user-defined marker characterization of CTCs and CTC enumeration in preclinical mouse models of metastasis using this technology.
FAQs
The two areas make different contributions within a coordinated language network. Area 44 is more closely linked to organizing speech-related motor plans and syntactic structure, whereas Area 45 helps retrieve relevant meanings and select an appropriate response. Their interactions with temporal, parietal, and premotor regions allow behavior to reflect both linguistic content and action demands.
Activity changes because communication requires flexible control rather than a fixed response. A task may emphasize speech production, sentence structure, meaning retrieval, response selection, or inhibition of a competing answer. Socially relevant behavior adds further goal and context demands, so activity in these regions varies according to what the person must communicate or withhold.
Response inhibition helps prevent an immediately available but unsuitable verbal or goal-directed action from controlling behavior. In the context of Brodmann Areas 44 and 45, this control is relevant when competing responses must be evaluated, selected, or suppressed. Studying such demands connects language processing with executive control and explains why performance can differ across behavioral contexts.
Researchers combine neuroimaging, neuropsychological assessment, and brain stimulation to examine these regions from complementary perspectives. Neuroimaging relates activity to task demands, assessment links regional disruption with behavioral performance, and stimulation tests how altering regional function affects behavior. Together, these approaches help distinguish language-related operations from broader changes in control, communication, and decision-making.
Neuropsychological assessment can connect changes in performance with the functions supported by the affected network. Tasks involving speech production, syntactic processing, semantic retrieval, response selection, or goal-directed communication may reveal which behavioral operations are disrupted. This approach is especially informative after neurological injury, when altered language or social behavior may provide evidence about functional organization.
These regions provide a way to examine how language-related operations interact with broader behavioral control. Their involvement in selecting meanings, organizing responses, and regulating goal-directed communication makes them relevant to decision-making and socially appropriate behavior. Research that combines these functions can clarify how communication demands influence choices and how neurological injury produces behavioral changes.