Mitochondrial Biosensor
Mitochondrial Biosensor - Related Videos
12:22
Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells
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Cited by 46 •
2013
We describe the use of two ratiometric, genetically encoded biosensors, which are based on GFP, to monitor mitochondrial redox state and ATP levels at subcellular resolution in living yeast cells.
13:21
In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila
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Cited by 5 •
2016
To detect healthy cells in whole animals that contain low levels of caspase activity, the highly sensitive biosensor designated CaspaseTracker was generated for Drosophila. Caspase-dependent biosensor activity is detected in long-lived healthy cells throughout the internal organs of adult animals reared under optimized conditions in the absence of death stimuli.
09:47
Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells
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Cited by 5 •
2023
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is both a source of oxidative damage and a signaling molecule. This protocol describes how to measure mitochondrial H2O2 using mitochondria-targeted HyPer7 (mtHyPer7), a genetically encoded ratiometric biosensor, in living yeast. It details how to optimize imaging conditions and perform quantitative cellular and subcellular analysis using freely available software.
03:36
Fluorescence-Based Monitoring of Mitochondrial Stress in Astrocytes
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2025
This video demonstrates the evaluation of mitochondrial health in genetically modified astrocytes, which express a fluorescent protein within their mitochondria. The protein helps to track changes in mitochondrial health as its fluorescence changes from green to red, indicating stress or damage. Images are captured and analyzed using various parameters.
02:59
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
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2020
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
FAQs
Their reporter or indicator changes signal when a selected mitochondrial variable changes. For example, membrane potential, ATP, calcium, and reactive oxygen species provide different readouts of mitochondrial state. This design lets researchers connect a detectable signal with energy production, intracellular signaling, or stress-related changes rather than treating mitochondrial function as a single measurement.
Both formats can report mitochondrial conditions, but they represent different sensor designs. A molecular tool may use an indicator that responds to a target variable, whereas a genetically encoded tool incorporates a reporter into the biological system. Depending on the design, either approach can support measurements in living cells and reveal changes under experimental conditions.
Each variable describes a different aspect of mitochondrial biology. ATP relates to cellular energy, calcium reflects a signaling component, reactive oxygen species indicate a stress-associated state, and membrane potential reports another functional property. Selecting among these readouts helps researchers ask a more precise question about metabolism, signaling, or mitochondrial stress.
Researchers can use the same type of biosensor readout to examine mitochondrial changes under different treatments, in different cell types, or across experimental conditions. Comparing the resulting signals helps identify whether a response is broadly shared or context-dependent. These comparisons can link mitochondrial behavior to altered metabolism, stress responses, or cellular outcomes.
When the sensor design permits measurements in living cells, researchers can observe mitochondrial variables while cellular processes are occurring. The resulting readouts can show changes in membrane potential, ATP, calcium, or reactive oxygen species. This supports analysis of mitochondrial contributions to energy support, signaling, and stress responses within a biological context.
These tools help connect mitochondrial state with processes that are important in biology, including metabolism, apoptosis, aging, and disease. Researchers can compare sensor signals across relevant treatments, cell types, or conditions to examine how mitochondrial dysfunction relates to those outcomes. The measurements therefore provide a functional link between organelle changes and broader cellular effects.