Luoyang TMAXTREE Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 1 article published in JoVE Bioengineering Automated Microbial Cultivation and Adaptive Evolution using Microbial Microdroplet Culture System (MMC) Xingjin Jian*1,2, Xiaojie Guo*1,2,3, Jia Wang4, Zheng Lin Tan1,2,6, Xin-hui Xing1,2,5, Liyan Wang3, Chong Zhang1,2,5 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 2Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 3Luoyang TMAXTREE Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 4 This protocol describes how to use the Microbial Microdroplet Culture system (MMC) to conduct automated microbial cultivation and adaptive evolution. MMC can cultivate and sub-cultivate microorganisms automatically and continuously and monitor online their growth with relatively high throughput and good parallelization, reducing labor and reagent consumption.