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用荧光染料可视化线粒体和溶酶体的线粒体自噬
用荧光染料可视化线粒体和溶酶体的线粒体自噬
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JoVE Journal Biology
Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome

用荧光染料可视化线粒体和溶酶体的线粒体自噬

Full Text
5,913 Views
07:56 min
November 30, 2022

DOI: 10.3791/64647-v

Bilin Liu1,2, Anqi Li1, Yuan Qin3, Lei Chen1, Meng Gao1, Guohua Gong1,2

1Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology,Tongji University, 2Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, 3Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital,Tongji University

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Overview

This study investigates mitophagy, the process of mitochondrial quality control, using a live-cell imaging approach. A protocol utilizing green-fluorescent mitochondria dye and red-fluorescent lysosome dye is outlined to observe mitophagy in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Cell biology
  • Mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics
  • Mitochondria-related diseases

Background

  • Mitophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.
  • Reliable quantitative assays for mitophagy in vivo are lacking.
  • This technique may pave the way for new treatments of mitochondria-related diseases.

Methods Used

  • Live-cell imaging using confocal microscopy
  • Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells
  • Cell-permeant fluorescent dyes for staining mitochondria and lysosomes

Main Results

  • Clear imaging revealed colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes, indicating active mitophagy.
  • The technique allows quantification of mitophagy by counting yellow co-localized structures.
  • Demonstrated potential to analyze mitochondrial number and morphology.

Conclusions

  • This method enhances the ability to study mitophagy in living cells.
  • It provides insights into the role of mitophagy in various human diseases.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is mitophagy?
Mitophagy is the selective degradation of damaged or surplus mitochondria via autophagy, crucial for mitochondrial quality control.
What is the significance of observing mitophagy?
Studying mitophagy is important for understanding its role in maintaining cellular health and its implications in mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
How are live cells prepared for the mitophagy assay?
Cells are cultured in DMEM, treated with trypsin for dissociation, and resuspended in a diluted cell suspension for imaging.
What dyes are used in this method?
A cell-permeant green-fluorescent dye for mitochondria and a red-fluorescent dye for lysosomes are utilized.
What are the imaging conditions required?
Cells need to be imaged at 37 degrees Celsius using confocal microscopy with specific excitation wavelengths for dual-channel detection.
What can be inferred from the overlap of green and red fluorescence?
The overlap indicates active mitophagy, revealing the interaction between damaged mitochondria and lysosomes.
How does this technique contribute to disease research?
This method can uncover the relationship between mitophagy and various human diseases, facilitating the exploration of new treatments.

线粒体自噬是线粒体质量控制的主要机制。然而, 由于 缺乏可靠的定量测定,体内线粒体自噬的评估受到阻碍。这里介绍的是使用细胞通透性绿色荧光线粒体染料和红色荧光溶酶体染料观察活细胞中线粒体自噬的方案。

该方法有助于使用细胞通透性绿色荧光线粒体染料和红色荧光溶酶体染料观察活细胞中的线粒体自噬。线粒体自噬在维持线粒体稳态和细胞功能的各个方面起着重要作用。该技术可以为治疗线粒体相关疾病提供一种新的方法。

此过程不是很复杂。捕获清晰的图像对于计数线粒体和溶酶体的叠加非常重要。首先,在装有10毫升Dulbecco改良鹰培养基或DMEM的10厘米细胞培养皿中培养小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞或MEF细胞。

在 37 摄氏度和 5% 二氧化碳下孵育,并在显微镜下以 100X 放大倍率监测细胞。当细胞达到80%至90%汇合时,用两毫升Dulbecco的磷酸盐缓冲盐水洗涤它们。然后加入两毫升0.05%胰蛋白酶EDTA一分钟以解离细胞,然后加入两毫升DMEM以停止反应。

将细胞悬液以 100 G 离心三分钟,然后将沉淀重悬于一毫升 DMEM 中。使用自动细胞计数器和细胞计数室载玻片对细胞进行计数,并将1.5乘以10至第六个细胞接种到含有10毫升DMEM的新10厘米细胞培养皿中。对于线粒体自噬测定,如前所述制备细胞悬液,并将细胞悬液稀释至每毫升新鲜DMEM的10至第五个细胞的1倍。

将两毫升稀释的细胞悬液加入20毫米共聚焦培养皿中,并交叉摇动培养皿。在 37 摄氏度和 5% 二氧化碳下孵育 24 小时。通过稀释储备溶液来制备染料的工作溶液。

向2毫升DMEM中加入0.2毫摩尔线粒体染料和50微摩尔溶酶体染料各2微升,得到工作浓度为0.2微摩尔线粒体染料和50纳摩尔溶酶体染料。从共聚焦培养皿中取出培养基,并加入一毫升染色溶液以覆盖细胞。将细胞培养皿置于37摄氏度和5%二氧化碳下20至30分钟。

设置共聚焦显微镜成像软件的参数。对于双激发图像,使用488纳米和543纳米的顺序激发,并分别收集505至545纳米和大于560纳米的发射。从培养箱中取出含有染料的培养基培养皿,并向培养皿中加入一毫升克雷布斯-亨塞莱特或KH缓冲液。

为了诱导线粒体自噬,在室温下用KH缓冲液中的一微摩尔FCCP处理细胞10分钟,并立即使用共聚焦显微镜对细胞进行成像。在 63X 油性镜头顶部涂抹适量的油。将样品放在共聚焦显微镜的样品台上,并将其直接移动到物镜上方。

使用成像软件通过单击软件界面左上角的定位选项卡来查找样品。为实验选择绿色过滤器集。使用粗调旋钮通过上下移动物镜来快速对焦。

通过目镜清晰可见细胞样本后,搜索并聚焦单个细胞的区域,并将其移动到视野的中心。单击软件界面左上角的采集选项卡以获取图像。仅选择 488 纳米通道和帧分辨率 1024 x 1024 进行预览。

单击左上角的实时选项卡以开始实时扫描。将视野调整到最清晰,并通过向左或向右移动滑块来调整激光功率。将增益设置保持在 600 以下以避免过度曝光。

将针孔值调整为 156,将增益值调整为 545,将数字偏移值调整为零。选择最佳视野,检查两个通道并选择帧分辨率 1024 x 1024。单击捕捉以获取 2D 图像并保存获取的图像。

在这项研究中,FFCP用于触发MEF细胞中的线粒体自噬以进行共聚焦成像。此处显示了用显示线粒体的绿色荧光线粒体染料染色的细胞和用显示溶酶体的红色荧光溶酶体染料染色的细胞的代表性图像。当受损的绿色染色线粒体被红色染色的溶酶体吞噬时,绿色和红色荧光重叠以显示黄色共定位线粒体溶酶体。

黄点对应于这些代表正在进行的线粒体自噬的共定位线粒体溶酶体,因此可以计数以评估线粒体自噬的程度。制备用于线粒体和溶酶体染色的染料工作溶液以及在用共聚焦显微镜成像时保持适当的细胞汇合度是要记住的关键步骤。该程序还可用于分析线粒体数量和形态,这对于评估线粒体动力学很重要。

线粒体自噬与多种人类疾病密切相关,该技术可用于探索线粒体自噬与人类疾病之间的联系。

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