The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University 4 articles published in JoVE Medicine Use of the Scissor-Type Knife During the Peroral Endoscopy Myotomy Procedure for the Treatment of Achalasia Zhen-Zi Huang*1, Yuan-Qi Li*1, Hong-Zhan Tian1, Yi Cui1, Min-Hu Chen1, Xiang-Bin Xing1 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University To minimize the technical difficulty and improve the safety of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), we describe a protocol for using a scissor-type knife for the main steps of POEM, including mucosal incision, submucosal tunneling, myotomy, and hemostasis. Medicine Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia Ming-kuan Zhou*1, Jin-tao Zhuang*1, Wu-yuan Liao2, Shi-ying Long3, Xiang-an Tu1 1Department of Urology, The East Division of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 2Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 3Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University The present protocol describes a vessel-sparing, longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy using readily available single-needle sutures in China, a safe and effective procedure, which may improve patients' patency and natural pregnancy rates. Immunology and Infection Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System Daniel E. Morales-Mantilla1,2, Xinyan Huang3,7, Philip Erice1,3, Paul Porter4, Yun Zhang1,5, Mary Figueroa6, Joya Chandra6, Katherine Y. King2, Farrah Kheradmand4,8, Antony Rodríguez3,8 1Program in Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 2Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, 3Department of Medicine - Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, 4Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 5Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6Department of Pediatrics, Research and Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 8Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center This protocol demonstrates the study of the pathophysiologic effects of cigarette smoke (CS) with a whole-body inhalation (WBI) exposure system (WBIS) built in-house. This system can expose animals to CS under controlled repeatable conditions for research of CS-mediated effects on lung emphysema and hematopoiesis. Cancer Research Modeling Osteosarcoma Using Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Patient-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Ruoji Zhou1,2, An Xu1, Jian Tu1,3, Mo Liu1, Julian A Gingold4, Ruiying Zhao1, Dung-Fang Lee1,2,5,6 1Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 2Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, 3Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 4Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 5Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Here, we present a protocol for the generation of induced pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) patient derived fibroblasts, differentiation of iPSCs via mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteoblasts, and modeling in vivo tumorigenesis using LFS patient-derived osteoblasts.