Ain Shams University 1 article published in JoVE Developmental Biology Isolation of Rat Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Differentiation into Insulin-producing Cells Dina H. Kassem1, Sarah A. Habib2, Omar I. Badr2, Mohamed M. Kamal1,2,3 1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 2Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, 3Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) can be a potential source of MSCs that differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs). In this protocol, we provide detailed steps for the isolation and characterization of rat epididymal Ad-MSCs, followed by a simple, short protocol for the generation of IPCs from the same rat Ad-MSCs.