Tsinghua University School of Medicine 2 articles published in JoVE Immunology and Infection Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems Yu-Xiang Chen1, Miamiao Pan1, Yue-Meng Chen1, Babak Javid1 1Centre for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University School of Medicine In this article, we present two complementary methods to measure specific rates of translational error and mistranslation in the model mycobacterium, Mycobacterium smegmatis, using gain-of-function reporter systems. The methods can be employed to measure accurate error rates in low throughput or relative error rates in a more high-throughput setting. Neuroscience Partial Optic Nerve Transection in Rats: A Model Established with a New Operative Approach to Assess Secondary Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells Fancheng Yan1, Sailiang Guo2, Yijie Chai2, Lan Zhang3, Kegao Liu3, Qingjun Lu4, Ningli Wang4, Shuning Li3 1Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China, 2Institute of Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China, 3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China, 4Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China Secondary degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occurs commonly in glaucoma. This study describes an innovative operative approach for partial optic nerve transection. The use of this space-saving operative approach extends the model's application range, and allows exploration of secondary injury mechanisms in RGCs in a new way.