Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR S872 2 articles published in JoVE Neuroscience In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices Louis Richevaux1,2, Louise Schenberg1,2, Mathieu Beraneck1,2, Desdemona Fricker1,2 1CNRS (Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002), 2Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité This protocol describes a set of methods to identify the cell-type specific functional connectivity of long-range inputs from distant brain regions using optogenetic stimulations in ex vivo brain slices. Biology Isolation and Culture of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Incisor Miquella G. Chavez1,2, Jimmy Hu1, Kerstin Seidel1, Chunying Li1,3, Andrew Jheon1, Adrien Naveau4,5,6, Orapin Horst1,7, Ophir D. Klein1,8 1Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 2Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 3Department of Pathology and Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 4Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR S872, 5Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S872, 6INSERM U872, 7Division of Endodontics, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 8Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco The continuously growing mouse incisor provides a model for studying renewal of dental tissues from dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs). A robust system for consistently and reliably obtaining these cells from the incisor and expanding them in vitro is reported here.