Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) 2 articles published in JoVE Neuroscience In Utero Electroporation Approaches to Study the Excitability of Neuronal Subpopulations and Single-cell Connectivity Carlos G. Briz1, Marta Navarrete2, José A. Esteban2, Marta Nieto1 1Department for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 2Molecular Neurobiology Department, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM) This manuscript provides protocols that use in utero electroporation (IUE) to describe the structural connectivity of neurons at the single-cell level and the excitability of fluorescently labeled neurons. Histology is used to characterize dendritic and axonal projections. Whole-cell recording in acute slices is used to investigate excitability. Immunology and Infection T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia1, Guillermo Ramírez-Santiago1,2, Mónica Torres-Torresano1,2, Raquel Garcia-Ferreras1,2, Esteban Veiga Chacón1 1Cellular and Molecular Biology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spanish National Biotechnology Centre (CNB-CSIC), 2Hospital de Santa Cristina, Healthcare Research Institute Princesa Hospital (IIS-Princesa) Here a protocol is presented to measure bacterial capture by CD4+ T cells which occurs during antigen presentation via transinfection from pre-infected dendritic cells (DC). We show how to perform the necessary steps: isolation of primary cells, infection of DC, DC/T cell conjugate formation, and measurement of bacterial T cell transfection.