Universite Paris-Sud 3 articles published in JoVE Immunology and Infection Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Alessandro Donada1, Tamar Tak1, Giulio Prevedello1,2,3,4, Idan Milo1, Ken R. Duffy2, Leïla Perié1 1Quantitative Immuno-hematology, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, 2Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, 3Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, 4Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay Presented here is a flow cytometry-based technique that allows for simultaneously measuring the number of cell divisions, surface cell phenotype, and cellular kinship. Those properties can be tested statistically using a permutation-based framework. Biochemistry Purification of Tubulin with Controlled Posttranslational Modifications and Isotypes from Limited Sources by Polymerization-Depolymerization Cycles Satish Bodakuntla*1,2, A.S. Jijumon*1,2, Carsten Janke1,2, Maria M. Magiera1,2 1PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, 2Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud This protocol describes tubulin purification from small/medium-scale sources such as cultured cells or single mouse brains, using polymerization and depolymerization cycles. The purified tubulin is enriched in specific isotypes or has specific posttranslational modifications and can be used in in vitro reconstitution assays to study microtubule dynamics and interactions. Developmental Biology Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo Beatrice C. Durand1,2,3,4 1Institut Curie, 2UMR 3387, CNRS, 3PSL Research University, 4Université Paris-Sud In Xenopus embryos, cells from the roof of the blastocoel are pluripotent and can be programmed to generate various tissues. Here, we describe protocols to use amphibian blastocoel roof explants as an assay system to investigate key in vivo and in vitro features of early neural development.