University of Macau 6 articles published in JoVE Immunology and Infection Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin Di Zhang*1,2, Kefang Liu*3,4, Dan Lu*2,5, Pengyan Wang1,2, Qingxu Zhang1,2, Peipei Liu2, Yingze Zhao2, Yan Chai4, Jianxin Lyu1, Jianxun Qi4, William J. Liu1,2 1School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 2NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 4CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The protocol describes experimental methods to obtain stable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I through potential β2-microglobulin (β2m) substitutions from different species. The structural comparison of MHC I stabilized by homologous and heterologous β2m were investigated. Biology Gonadectomy and Blood Sampling Procedures in the Small Size Teleost Model Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Muhammad Rahmad Royan1, Shinji Kanda2, Daichi Kayo3, Weiyi Song4, Wei Ge4, Finn-Arne Weltzien1, Romain Fontaine1 1Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 2Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 3Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 4Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau The article describes a quick protocol to gonadectomize and sample blood from the small teleost fish, using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model, to investigate the role of sex steroids in animal physiology. Neuroscience Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task Shi Yang Xu1,2, Lai Ian Cheong2, Yin Zhuang2, Tania Alexandra Pinho Couto1,2, Zhen Yuan1,2 1Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau The present protocol describes how to perform concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings and how to inspect the relationship between the EEG and fNIRS data. Behavior Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training Haifeng Zhang1,2, Jinlei Nie3, Zhaowei Kong4, Xiangui Zhu1, Yang Liu1, Qingde Shi3 1Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, 2Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, 3School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, 4Faculty of Education, University of Macau Here, we present protocols of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise to observe the response of circulating cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration to acute exercise over 10 days. The information may assist with clinical interpretations of post-exercise cTnT elevation and guide the prescription of exercise. Developmental Biology The C. elegans Excretory Canal as a Model for Intracellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis in a Single Cell: labeling by GFP-fusions, RNAi Interaction Screen and Imaging Nan Zhang1,2, Edward Membreno1, Susan Raj1, Hongjie Zhang1,3, Liakot A Khan1, Verena Gobel1 1Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, 2College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau The C. elegans excretory canal is a unique single-cell model for the visual in vivo analysis of de novo polarized membrane biogenesis. This protocol describes a combination of standard genetic/RNAi and imaging approaches, adaptable for the identification and characterization of molecules directing unicellular tubulogenesis, and apical membrane and lumen biogenesis. Developmental Biology The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analysis and Imaging Nan Zhang1,2, Liakot A Khan1, Edward Membreno1, Gholamali Jafari1, Siyang Yan1, Hongjie Zhang1,3, Verena Gobel1 1Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 2College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau The transparent C. elegans intestine can serve as an "in vivo tissue chamber" for studying apicobasal membrane and lumen biogenesis at the single-cell and subcellular level during multicellular tubulogenesis. This protocol describes how to combine standard labeling, loss-of-function genetic/RNAi and microscopic approaches to dissect these processes on a molecular level.