Shenzhen University 10 articles published in JoVE Immunology and Infection Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)-Based Rapid Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Antibiotic Resistance Liang Wang*1,2,3, Jin-Xin Lai*1, Yu-Ting Si*1,4, Xu-Xia Cui1,4, Zeeshan Umar1,5, Xiao-Jun Ru1, Xin-Yu Zhang1, Zheng-Kang Li1, Alfred Chin Yen Tay5,6,7,8, Barry J. Marshall5,6,7,8, Guang-Hua Li1, Bing Gu1 1Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 2Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 3Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 4Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, 5Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, 6The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, 7Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 8Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University The protocol presents a noninvasive method for the rapid diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori stomach infections through the string test and determines its antibiotic resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Neuroscience Modulation of the Neurophysiological Response to Fearful and Stressful Stimuli Through Repetitive Religious Chanting Hin Hung Sik1, Georgios T. Halkias1, Chunqi Chang2, Junling Gao1, Hang Kin Leung1, Bonnie Wai Yan Wu1 1Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, 2School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University The present event-related potential (ERP) study provides a unique protocol for investigating how religious chanting can modulate negative emotions. The results demonstrate that the late positive potential (LPP) is a robust neurophysiological response to negative emotional stimuli and can be effectively modulated by repetitive religious chanting. Neuroscience How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study Yinying Hu1, Zixuan Wang1, Bei Song2, Yafeng Pan3, Xiaojun Cheng4, Yi Zhu1, Yi Hu1 1Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 2Department of Musicology, Harbin Conservatory of Music, 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 4School of Psychology, Shenzhen University The dynamics between coupled brains of individuals have been increasingly represented by inter-brain synchronization (IBS) when they coordinate with each other, mostly using simultaneous-recording signals of brains (namely hyperscanning) with fNIRS. In fNIRS hyperscanning studies, IBS has been commonly assessed through the wavelet transform coherence (WTC) method because of its advantage on expanding time series into time-frequency space where oscillations can be seen in a highly intuitive way. The observed IBS can be further validated via the permutation-based random pairing of the trial, partner, and condition. Here, a protocol is presented to describe how to obtain brain signals via fNIRS technology, calculate IBS through the WTC method, and validate IBS by permutation in a hyperscanning study. Further, we discuss the critical issues when using the above methods, including the choice of fNIRS signals, methods of data preprocessing, and optional parameters of computations. In summary, using the WTC method and permutation is a potentially standard pipeline for analyzing IBS in fNIRS hyperscanning studies, contributing to both the reproducibility and reliability of IBS. Biology Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage Yiwei Zhao1, Gene Chi Wai Man1,2, Loucia Kit Ying Chan1, Xi Guo1, Yingyu Liu3, Tao Zhang1, Joseph Kwong1,4, Chi Chiu Wang1,5, Xiaoyan Chen3, Tin Chiu Li1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 2Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, 4School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, 5Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Despite the advancements in multiplex immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging, characterizing the density and clustering of major immune cells simultaneously in the endometrium remains a challenge. This paper describes a detailed multiplex staining protocol and imaging for the simultaneous localization of four immune cell types in the endometrium. Biology Quantification of Circulating Pig-Specific DNA in the Blood of a Xenotransplantation Model Yangyang Deng*1,2, Ming Zhou*1,3, Ying Lu1, Jiao Chen1, Zuhui Pu4, Dongjing Yu1,5, Yifan Dai6, Yongqiang Zhan7, Lisha Mou1 1 In this protocol, porcine specific primers were designed, plasmids-containing porcine specific DNA fragments were constructed, and standard curves for quantitation were established. Using species-specific primers, cpsDNA was quantified by qPCR in pig-to-mouse cell transplantation models and pig-to-monkey artery patch transplantation models. Biology A Method for Islet Transplantation to the Omentum in Mouse Ying Lu*1, Shangyou Zou*1, Suzanne Bertera*2, Rita Bottino2, David K.C. Cooper3, Zhengzhao Liu1, Yi Huang1, Chengjun Wang1, Chungu Hong1, Tian He1, Hancheng Zhang1, Qin Huo4, Hongxing Fu5, Zhiming Cai1, Lisha Mou1 1Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 2Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, 3Xenotransplantation Program/Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 4College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 5School of Pharmcy, Wenzhou Medical College A method for the omental transplantation of islets in a mouse is introduced. The isolated islets are mixed with hydrogel and the mixture is placed into the omental pouch of a diabetic mouse. Then, the blood glucose is monitored, and immuno-histochemical analysis is performed. Engineering Applicability Analysis of Assessment Methods for Morphological Parameters of Corroded Steel Bars Dawang Li1,2, Ping Li1,2, Yingang Du3, Ren Wei1,2 1Department of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, 2Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3Department of Engineering and the Built Environment, Anglia Ruskin University This paper measures the geometry and the amount of corrosion of a steel bar using different methods: mass loss, calipers, drainage measurements, 3D scanning, and X-ray micro-computed tomography (XCT). Bioengineering Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Capture 4-Dimensional Images of the Effects of Modulating Shear Stress on the Developing Zebrafish Heart Victoria Messerschmidt*1, Zachary Bailey*1, Kyung In Baek2, Yichen Ding2, Jeffrey J. Hsu2, Richard Bryant1, Rongsong Li3, Tzung K. Hsiai2, Juhyun Lee1 1Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 2Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioengineering, UCLA, 3College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University Here, we present a protocol to visualize developing hearts in zebrafish in 4-Dimensions (4-D). 4-D imaging, via light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), takes 3-Dimensional (3-D) images over time, to reconstruct developing hearts. We show qualitatively and quantitatively that shear stress activates endocardial Notch signaling during chamber development, which promotes cardiac trabeculation. Behavior The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling Lamei Wang1, Zhenlin Wang2 1College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, 2Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong The protocol for the temptation resistance paradigm was designed to elicit 2- to 8-year-old children's strategic lie-telling behaviors. The reward of transgression was intended to be too tempting to resist, so that children's spontaneous lie-telling behavior in the presence of irreversible evidence due to the transgression could be observed. Engineering Atmospheric Pressure Fabrication of Large-Sized Single-Layer Rectangular SnSe Flakes Jizhou Jiang1,2, Calvin Pei Yu Wong2,3, Wenjing Zhang1, Andrew Thye Shen Wee2,4 1SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 2Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, 4Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore A protocol is presented demonstrating a two-step fabrication technique to grow large-sized single-layer rectangular shaped SnSe flakes on low-cost SiO2/Si dielectrics wafers in an atmospheric pressure quartz tube furnace system.