Braude College of Engineering 1 article published in JoVE Neuroscience New Framework for Understanding Cross-Brain Coherence in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Hyperscanning Studies Hila Zahava Gvirts Provolovski1, Mini Sharma1, Itai Gutman1, Anat Dahan2, Yafeng Pan3, Jacqueline Stotler4, Teresa Wilcox4 1The Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, 2Braude College of Engineering, 3Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 4Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) is a common methodology for assessing the coupling between signals that is used in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning studies. A toolbox for assessing the directionality of the signal interaction is presented in this work.