State University of New York at Albany 1 article published in JoVE Neuroscience The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (EPOCS): A Research Tool and an Emerging Therapy for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders N. Jeremy Hill1,2, Disha Gupta1,2, Amir Eftekhar1, Jodi A. Brangaccio1, James J. S. Norton1,2, Michelle McLeod3, Tim Fake1, Jonathan R. Wolpaw1,2,4, Aiko K. Thompson3 1National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Stratton VA Medical Center, 2Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, State University of New York at Albany, 3College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System aids scientific investigation of sensorimotor function and can administer targeted neurobehavioral training that can impact sensorimotor rehabilitation in neuromuscular disorders. This article describes its capabilities and illustrates its application in modifying a simple spinal reflex to achieve lasting improvement in motor function.