Covalent Bonding and Structure

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are …

An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the …

Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest …

Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest …

Covalent bonds are formed between two atoms when both have similar tendencies to attract electrons to themselves (i.e., when both atoms have identical or …

Lewis symbols can be used to indicate the formation of covalent bonds, which are shown in Lewis structures—drawings that describe the bonding in …

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the …

The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows: Write the Lewis structure of the molecule or …

According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, …

According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single …

The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. …

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, …

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the …

Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. …

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. …