Physics is concerned with the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time, in order to discover the underlying mechanisms that underpin all…

The order of magnitude of a number is the power of 10 that most closely approximates it. Thus, the order of magnitude estimates the scale (or size)…

Scientists frequently use models to help them comprehend a specific collection of phenomena. In physics, a model is a condensed version of a physical…

A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example,…

On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as…

In any system of units, the units for some physical quantities must be specified through a measurement process. These measurements are the base…

Sometimes, there is a need to convert from one unit to another one. For instance, reading a cookbook in which quantities are expressed in units of…

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the…

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can…

In any measurement, the precision of the measuring tool is an essential factor. An ordinary ruler, for example, can measure length to the closest…

Uncertainty in measurements can be avoided by reporting the results of a calculation with the correct number of significant figures. This can be…

The concept of dimension is important because every mathematical equation linking physical quantities must be dimensionally consistent, implying that…

Every mathematical equation that connects separate distinct physical quantities must be dimensionally consistent, which implies it must abide by two…

Problem-solving is the ability to apply general physical principles to specific situations, usually expressed by equations. It is an essential skill…

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color;…

Steels are commonly used materials in the fabrication of vacuum systems because of their good mechanical, corrosion, and vacuum properties. A variety…

A technique to measure the temperature of water and non-turbid aqueous media surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented. This…