Genetic engineering is the process of modifying an organism’s DNA to introduce new, desirable traits. Many organisms, from bacteria to plants…

Researchers use antibiotic resistance genes to identify bacteria that possess a plasmid containing their gene of interest. Antibiotic resistance…

Scientists create recombinant DNA by combining DNA from different sources—often, other species—in the laboratory. DNA cloning allows…

Transgenic organisms are genetically engineered to carry transgenes—genes from a different species—as part of their genome. The…

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell…

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous…

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific…

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by…

DNA from cells is required for many biotechnology and research applications, such as molecular cloning. To remove and purify DNA from cells,…

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a…

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced…

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at…

Only genes that are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) are active, or expressed. Scientists can, therefore, extract the mRNA from cells to study…

The polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a widely used technique for copying segments of DNA. Due to exponential amplification, PCR can produce…

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried…

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and biopharmaceutical applications. Currently, optimal culture and…

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is quickly revolutionizing how research into the genetic determinants of constitutional disease is performed. The…

The ever growing amount of new substances released onto the market and the limited predictability of current in vitro test systems has led to a high…

The outlined protocol describes streamlined methods for the efficient and cost-effective generation of Cas9-associated guide RNAs. Two alternative…

Here, we present chimera assembly by plasmid recovery and restriction enzyme site insertion (CAPRRESI). CAPRRESI benefits from many strengths of the…

Electrospinning, due to its versatility and potential for applications in various fields, is being frequently used to fabricate nanofibers.…

Cancer therapies which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that…