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Chapter 15

Биотехнология

Chapter 15

Biotechnology

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Overview Genetic engineering is the process of modifying an organism’s DNA to introduce new, desirable traits. Many organisms, from bacteria to …
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Overview Researchers use antibiotic resistance genes to identify bacteria that possess a plasmid containing their gene of interest. Antibiotic resistance …
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Overview Scientists create recombinant DNA by combining DNA from different sources—often, other species—in the laboratory. DNA cloning allows …
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Overview Transgenic organisms are genetically engineered to carry transgenes—genes from a different species—as part of their genome. The …
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. …
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential …
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell …
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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating …
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DNA from cells is required for many biotechnology and research applications, such as molecular cloning. To remove and purify DNA from cells, researchers …
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy …
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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by …
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific …
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Overview Only genes that are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) are active, or expressed. Scientists can, therefore, extract the mRNA from cells to …
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Overview The polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a widely used technique for copying segments of DNA. Due to exponential amplification, PCR can produce …
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in …
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Electrospinning, due to its versatility and potential for applications in various fields, is being frequently used to fabricate nanofibers. Production of …
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Here, we present chimera assembly by plasmid recovery and restriction enzyme site insertion (CAPRRESI). CAPRRESI benefits from many strengths of the …
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The outlined protocol describes streamlined methods for the efficient and cost-effective generation of Cas9-associated guide RNAs. Two alternative …