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34.8:

๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น์˜ 1์ฐจ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ

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Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

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์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹น๊ณผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์ผ์ฐจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ๋ณธ ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋Š”์ด์ฐจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค์ค„๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ์ผ์ฐจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€์‹น ์ •๋‹จ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์—ดํ•  ๋•Œ์ด๋‹ค์–ด๋–ค ์ž์† ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ์ „ํ‘œํ”ผ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ์›์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์ผœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ด ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ง์€์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ ์กฐ์ง์ธ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ „ํ‘œํ”ผ๋Š” ๋น„๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์ธ ํ‘œํ”ผ๋ฅผ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ง์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์กฐ์ง์ธ์ค‘๊ณผํ”ผ์™€ ํ”ผ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค์›์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์ผœ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œ์ผ ์ฒด๊ด€๋ถ€์™€๋ชฉ์งˆ๋ถ€์ด๋‹ค๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ผ์ฐจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์ค‘๋ณต ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋ถ„์—ด, ์‹ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„ํ™” ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋‹จ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ง์„ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค์‹ ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ถ„ํ™” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น์˜ ์ •๋‹จ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ง์€๋™์ผํ•œ ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹คํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ฐจ ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ƒ ์‹น์ด๋ƒ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด, ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ ์ค‘๊ณผํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ถ„์ง€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ฐจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค๊ณ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ๋ˆˆ ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง์„ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹คํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ณ๋ˆˆ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์ด๋Š” ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ •๋‹จ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์žˆ๊ณ ์ •์•„ ์šฐ์„ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค์ •๋‹จ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ๋จน์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ์†์ƒ ํ˜น์€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋ฉด ์ •์•„ ์šฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ๋‹ค์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์น˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋•๋Š” ์ด์น˜์ด๋‹ค๊ณ๊ฐ€์ง€์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋‚ด์ดˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚ด์ดˆ๋Š”๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์•™ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์„๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค์ด์ฐจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค์ด์ฐจ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๊ด€๋‹ค๋ฐœ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์ผœ์™€ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์ผœ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ด€๋‹ค๋ฐœ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์ผœ๋Š” ์ด์ฐจ ๋ชฉ์งˆ๋ถ€ ์ฆ‰ ๋ชฉ์žฌ์™€ ์ด์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ถ€๋ฅผํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์ผœ๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น์˜ ํ”ผ์งˆ์˜๋‚ด์ดˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ ์„ธํฌ์™€์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ ํ”ผ์ธต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค์ผ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ์ด์ฐจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ ์‘์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Œ์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค

34.8:

๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น์˜ 1์ฐจ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ

์ง€๊ตฌ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์†์„ฑ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 1์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ(primary growth)์„ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์„ ๋Š˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์œก์ง€ ์‹๋ฌผ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น์„ ๋‘๊ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ(secondary growth)์„ ๊ฒช๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, 2์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์€ 1์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์‹น(shoot) ์„ฑ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๊ฒน์นจ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ •๋‹จ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง(apical meristem)์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น์˜ 1์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹น์˜ 1์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์€ ์ค„๊ธฐ์ •๋‹จ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง(shoot apical meristem)์—์„œ, ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ 1์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์ •๋‹จ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง(root apical meristem)์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์ •๋‹จ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ค„๊ธฐ์ •๋‹จ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋ถ„์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์›ํ‘œํ”ผ(protoderm), ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง(ground meristem), ์ „ํ˜•์„ฑ์ธต(procambium)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ 1์ฐจ ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์—์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ 1์ฐจ ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ‘œํ”ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ”ผ์กฐ์ง(dermal tissue)์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์กฐ์ง(ground tissue)์œผ๋กœ, ์ „ํ˜•์„ฑ์ธต์€ ์œ ๊ด€์†์กฐ์ง(vascular tissue)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์กฐ์ง ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ, ํ‘œํ”ผ๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌํ„ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๊ฝƒ์‹๋ฌผ์ธ ์ง„์ •์Œ๋–ก์žŽ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹น ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์กฐ์ง์€ ํ”ผ์ธต(cortex)๊ณผ ์ˆ˜(pith; ์†)๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค„๊ธฐ์ •๋‹จ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง์€ ์žŽ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์žŽ ์‹œ์›์„ธํฌ(primordia)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, 2์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น์ด ๋” ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ ์ƒ์žฅ์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ธก์ƒ๋ถ„์—ด์กฐ์ง์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1์ฐจ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ถ€์™€ 1์ฐจ ์ฒด๊ด€๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๋‹ค๋ฐœํ˜•์„ฑ์ธต(vascular cambium)์€ ๋งค๋…„ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์— 2์ฐจ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ถ€์™€ 2์ฐจ ์ฒด๊ด€๋ถ€ ์ธต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ป์งˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌํ˜•์„ฑ์ธต(cork cambium)์€ ์œ ๊ด€์†์กฐ์ง ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹น ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ์™€ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ ํ”ผ์ธต(phelloderm)์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ํ‘œํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํ”ผ(periderm)๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Suggested Reading

Ichihashi, Yasunori, and Hirokazu Tsukaya. 2015. “Behavior of Leaf Meristems and Their Modification.” Frontiers in Plant Science 6 (January). [Source]

Pierre-Jerome, Edith, Colleen Drapek, and Philip N. Benfey. 2018. “Regulation of Division and Differentiation of Plant Stem Cells.” Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 34 (1): 289–310. [Source]