调查Coronin A在早期饥饿反应中的作用<em>粘菌</em>通过聚集测定
Summary
The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum undergoes a developmental transition into a multicellular organism when starved. The evolutionary conserved protein coronin A plays a crucial role in the initiation of development. Using aggregation assays as our main method, we aim to elucidate the role of coronin A in early development.
Abstract
粘菌变形虫发现于土壤中，对细菌为食。当食物来源变得稀少，它们分泌的因素来启动多发展计划，在此期间，单个细胞对聚集中心，趋化1-4。这个过程是依赖于环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的5的释放。 Camp在波通过腺苷酸环化酶和磷酸二酯酶的一致行动产生的，结合G蛋白偶联受体的cAMP 6,7。一种广泛使用的测定法来分析所涉及的低等真核生物粘菌的发育周期的机制是基于细胞聚集在浸没条件8,9的观察。这个协议描述coronin A在发育周期的作用的分析通过饥饿在平衡盐溶液（BSS）10浸没组织培养板中。 Coronin A是广泛保守的PR的一员otein家人已经在各种各样的活动11,12牵连coronins的。缺乏coronin一盘基网柄细胞不能形成多聚集，而这个缺陷可以通过提供的cAMP脉冲，这被救出的coronin上游A行为cAMP的级联10。在这些研究中所描述的技术提供了强大的工具中粘菌的cAMP的级联的上游发育周期的初始阶段进行调查的蛋白质的功能。因此，利用这种聚集试验可允许coronin函数的进一步研究和推进我们coronin生物学的理解。
Introduction
蛋白质的coronin家族是高度整个真核生物保守的。这些蛋白由氨基末端色氨酸天冬氨酸（WD）区域，随后由连接到羧基端卷曲螺旋结构域13,14独特区域含有重复-（ 图1）的存在为特征。 Coronins已牵涉多种细胞功能，包括细胞骨架调节和信号转导12。在哺乳动物中，多达六个短coronin分子（coronin 1-6）以及一个“串联”coronin 7，可共表达12,15。 Coronin 1是最广泛研究的家族成员，并且显示是参与病原体的破坏，T细胞存活和神经信号。怎么样，究竟coronin 1进行这些活动仍不清楚。而coronin 1所示调节的 Ca 2+和信令依赖cAMP的-以及F-肌动蛋白细胞骨架调制16-18中，潜在的共同在哺乳动物中最多7家族成员的-expression使得它具有挑战性的研究coronins的分子功能在这些系统中，由于潜在的冗余。不同于哺乳动物的有机体中，低等真核生物粘菌表示只有两个coronin家庭成员（coronin A，哺乳动物coronin 1和coronin B的同源基因，哺乳动物coronin 7的直系同源基因）显然与非冗余功能15,19,20。这一事实使粘菌一种强效的模型来研究coronins的功能。
研究coronin A在粘菌中的作用，我们通过在含有用野生型的细胞或细胞缺乏coronin 10平衡盐溶液（BSS）缓冲组织培养板饥饿诱导的发展周期。我们发现，缺乏coronin A细胞无法形成在饥饿的多细胞聚集体。对于这种表型的的准确定量评估在本协议中所述的自动化活细胞成像是一个重要的工具。在缺乏coronin A细胞早期饥饿反应开始时的缺陷可以通过提供的cAMP脉冲，表明coronin内cAMP级联的上游A行为解救。 cAMP的脉冲的外源应用到模拟发展的起始在过去8,9被利用由几个实验室。然而，这个过程也被称为是高度依赖于细胞密度和定时。因此，这里描述的方案的目的是减少以保证高度的重现性，这些变异。两者合计，在这些研究中所使用的技术提供了强大的工具中粘菌的发育周期的早期阶段，以调查蛋白质的功能和必须识别向上以及coronin函数的下游效应的潜力。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
的coronin蛋白质在真核分支的最类群找到。 粘菌 coronin A，哺乳动物coronin 1的同源物，是参与早期饥饿反应，由于coronin A缺乏的细胞不能够在早期发育，以形成聚集的中心周期10。为了能够定量和准确地评估在菌株之间发展的延迟，在显微镜活细胞成像设置与自动阶段控制器是一个必不可少的工具。
D.菌在其生命周期1-4的几个阶段利用cAMP的作为必?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
We thank the Dictyostelium Stock Center for strains and reagents. This study was financed by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Canton of Basel.
Materials
| HL-5 media (for 1L: 5 g proteose peptone, 5 g thiotone E peptone, 10 g glucose, 5 g yeast extract, 0.35 g Na2HPO4∗2H2O, 0.35 g KH2PO4, 0.05 g dihydrostreptomycin-sulfate, pH 6.6) | |||
| Proteose peptone | BD Bioscience | 211693 | |
| Thiotone E peptone | BD Bioscience | 211684 | |
| Yeast extract | BD Bioscience | 212750 | |
| Glucose | AppliChem | A3666 | |
| Na2HPO4∗2H2O | Fluka | 71643 | |
| KH2PO4 | AppliChem | A1043 | |
| dihydrostreptomycin-sulfate | Sigma-Aldrich | D1954000 | |
| PBM (0.02 M potassium phosphate, 10 μM CaCl2, and l mM MgCl2, pH 6.1) | self made | ||
| BSS (10 mM NaCl, 10 mM KCl, 2.5 mM CaCl2, pH 6.5) | self made | ||
| 0.45-μm Filtropure S filter | Sarstedt | 83.1826 | |
| Falcon 24-well Tissue culture plate | Fisher Scientific | 08-772-1H | |
| Cellobserver microscope | Zeiss | custom built | |
| AxioVision software | Zeiss | ||
| IPC Microprocessor–controlled dispensing pump | ISMATEC | ISM 931 | |
| Axiovert 135M microscope | Zeiss | 491237-0001-000 | |
| Incubation Shaker | Inforst HT Minitron |
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