Thomas W. Wakefield Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery University of Michigan Biography Publications Institution JoVE Articles Thomas W. Wakefield has not added a biography. If you are Thomas W. Wakefield and would like to personalize this page please email our Author Liaison for assistance. Publications Increased PAI-1 in Females Compared to Males is Protective for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in a Rodent Model American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Feb, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22307671 Statins, Inflammation and Deep Vein Thrombosis: a Systematic Review Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22278047 Inflammation and Thrombosis: New Insights Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition). 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22202081 The Effect of Abdominal Wall Plication on Intra-abdominal Pressure and Lower Extremity Venous Flow: A Case Report Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS. Mar, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 21855437 Myeloid Cell Tissue Factor Does Not Contribute to Venous Thrombogenesis in an Electrolytic Injury Model Thrombosis Research. Dec, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22192154 Impaired Fibrinolytic System in ApoE Gene-deleted Mice with Hyperlipidemia Augments Deep Vein Thrombosis Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Nov, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22119245 Commentary on "Venous Trauma: New Lessons and Old Debates" Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. Jun, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21810806 Evaluation of Soluble P-selectin As a Marker for the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/hemostasis : Official Journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. Aug, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21593019 Longevity and Outcomes of Axillary Valve Transplantation for Severe Lower Extremity Chronic Venous Insufficiency Annals of Vascular Surgery. May, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21549918 The Care of Patients with Varicose Veins and Associated Chronic Venous Diseases: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. May, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21536172 Interleukin-6: a Potential Target for Post-thrombotic Syndrome Annals of Vascular Surgery. Feb, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21131172 Toll-like Receptor 9 Signaling is Critical for Early Experimental Deep Vein Thrombosis Resolution Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Jan, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 20966396 Von Willebrand Factor-mediated Platelet Adhesion is Critical for Deep Vein Thrombosis in Mouse Models Blood. Jan, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 20959603 Postthrombotic Vein Wall Remodeling: Preliminary Observations Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Jan, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 20869834 The Sixth Pacific Vascular Symposium: the Venous Ulcer Summit Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Dec, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 21084704 Anticoagulant Treatment for Superficial Venous Thrombosis Disease-a-month : DM. Oct, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20971328 Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Independent Early Experimental Thrombus Resolution: MMP2 As an Alternative Mechanism Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Dec, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20886179 What is the Optimal Duration of Treatment for DVT? An Update on Evidence-based Medicine of Treatment for DVT Seminars in Vascular Surgery. Sep, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20826296 Extracellular DNA Traps Promote Thrombosis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Sep, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20798043 Reducing Venous Stasis Ulcers by Fifty Percent in 10 Years: the Next Steps Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Nov, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20719467 Venous Thromboembolic Events in the Rehabilitation Setting PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation. Jul, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20659721 Thrombogenesis with Continuous Blood Flow in the Inferior Vena Cava. A Novel Mouse Model Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Aug, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20589322 Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Current Management of Varicose Vein Disease The American Surgeon. Feb, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20336886 Proteomics of Microparticles After Deep Venous Thrombosis Thrombosis Research. Jun, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20156641 Vein Wall Remodeling After Deep Vein Thrombosis: Differential Effects of Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Doxycycline Annals of Vascular Surgery. Feb, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20142002 Invited Commentary Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Feb, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20141963 P-selectin/ PSGL-1 Inhibitors Versus Enoxaparin in the Resolution of Venous Thrombosis: a Meta-analysis Thrombosis Research. Apr, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19962723 Do Galectins Play a Role in Venous Thrombosis? a Review Thrombosis Research. May, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19959209 A Validation Study of a Retrospective Venous Thromboembolism Risk Scoring Method Annals of Surgery. Feb, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19779324 Aging is Associated with Impaired Thrombus Resolution in a Mouse Model of Stasis Induced Thrombosis Thrombosis Research. Jan, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19616825 Call to Action to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Jun, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19497526 Leukocyte- and Platelet-derived Microparticles Correlate with Thrombus Weight and Tissue Factor Activity in an Experimental Mouse Model of Venous Thrombosis Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Apr, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19350121 Role of Selectins and Fibrinolysis in VTE Thrombosis Research. 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19303502 Metabolic Consequences of Acute Limb Ischemia and Their Clinical Implications Seminars in Vascular Surgery. Mar, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19298933 Microparticle Surface Protein Are Associated with Experimental Venous Thrombosis: a Preliminary Study Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/hemostasis : Official Journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. Mar-Apr, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19028772 Novel Biomarkers Associated with Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Comprehensive Review Biomarker Insights. 2008 | Pubmed ID: 19578498 Methods of Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis III (PIOPED III) Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. Nov, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 19331840 Thromboembolic Diseases Current Problems in Surgery. Dec, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18984095 In Brief. Thromboembolic Disease Current Problems in Surgery. Dec, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18984094 Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients Undergoing Major Surgery Annals of Surgical Oncology. Dec, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18841419 Endovenous Laser Ablation: Venous Outcomes and Thrombotic Complications Are Independent of the Presence of Deep Venous Insufficiency Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Dec, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18829223 Increasing Awareness About Venous Disease: The American Venous Forum Expands the National Venous Screening Program Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Aug, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18572373 Mechanisms of Venous Thrombosis and Resolution Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Mar, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18296594 Vein Wall Re-endothelialization After Deep Vein Thrombosis is Improved with Low-molecular-weight Heparin Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Mar, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18295113 Prophylactic P-selectin Inhibition with PSI-421 Promotes Resolution of Venous Thrombosis Without Anticoagulation Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Feb, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18278184 Model-based Reconstructive Elasticity Imaging Using Ultrasound International Journal of Biomedical Imaging. 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18256732 Mapping the Future: Organizational, Clinical, and Research Priorities in Venous Disease Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Dec, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18068564 Acute Venous Disease: Venous Thrombosis and Venous Trauma Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Dec, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18068560 Preface: Acute and Chronic Venous Disease. Current Status and Future Directions Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Dec, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18068559 Fibrotic Injury After Experimental Deep Vein Thrombosis is Determined by the Mechanism of Thrombogenesis Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18000610 CT Venography and Compression Sonography Are Diagnostically Equivalent: Data from PIOPED II AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17954642 Factors Associated with Outcome After Interventional Treatment of Symptomatic Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Oct, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17903652 CT Venography for Deep Venous Thrombosis: Continuous Images Versus Reformatted Discontinuous Images Using PIOPED II Data AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. Aug, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17646468 Plasmin Inhibition Increases MMP-9 Activity and Decreases Vein Wall Stiffness During Venous Thrombosis Resolution The Journal of Surgical Research. Oct, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17574586 Proximate Versus Nonproximate Risk Factor Associated Primary Deep Venous Thrombosis: Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. May, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17466793 Venous Thromboembolism and Cancer Current Problems in Surgery. Mar, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17437761 Iliorenal Bypass: Indications and Outcomes Following 41 Reconstructions Annals of Vascular Surgery. Jan, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17349328 Resolution of Venous Thrombosis Using a Novel Oral Small-molecule Inhibitor of P-selectin (PSI-697) Without Anticoagulation Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Mar, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17334507 Risk Factors and Clinical Impact of Postoperative Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Feb, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17264013 Results of the National Pilot Screening Program for Venous Disease by the American Venous Forum Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Jan, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17210399 Diagnostic Pathways in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Recommendations of the PIOPED II Investigators Radiology. Jan, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17185658 Diagnostic Pathways in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Recommendations of the PIOPED II Investigators The American Journal of Medicine. Dec, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 17145249 Pediatric Renovascular Hypertension: 132 Primary and 30 Secondary Operations in 97 Children Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Dec, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 17055693 Acute Limb Ischemia Associated with Type B Aortic Dissection: Clinical Relevance and Therapy Surgery. Oct, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 17011900 Treatment with an Oral Small Molecule Inhibitor of P Selectin (PSI-697) Decreases Vein Wall Injury in a Rat Stenosis Model of Venous Thrombosis Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Sep, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16950445 Sonographic Elasticity Imaging of Acute and Chronic Deep Venous Thrombosis in Humans Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Sep, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16929019 Targeted Deletion of CCR2 Impairs Deep Vein Thombosis Resolution in a Mouse Model Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). Sep, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16920980 American Venous Forum: The Future is Now! Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Jul, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16828451 Multidetector Computed Tomography for Acute Pulmonary Embolism The New England Journal of Medicine. Jun, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16738268 Risk Factors Associated with Venous Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Malignancy Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis : an International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis. Jun, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16651868 Experimental Pulmonary Embolism: Effects of the Thrombus and Attenuation of Pulmonary Artery Injury by Low-molecular-weight Heparin Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Apr, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16616240 Neutrophils Modulate Post-thrombotic Vein Wall Remodeling but Not Thrombus Neovascularization Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Feb, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16493489 Outcome of Surgical and Endoluminal Intervention for Infrainguinal Bypass Anastomotic Strictures Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. Jan-Feb, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16456601 A Role for Interleukin-10 in the Assessment of Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Injured Patients The Journal of Trauma. Jan, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16456448 A Negative Carotid Plaque Area Test is Superior to Other Noninvasive Atherosclerosis Studies for Reducing the Likelihood of Having Underlying Significant Coronary Artery Disease Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Mar, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16357319 D-dimer, P-selectin, and Microparticles: Novel Markers to Predict Deep Venous Thrombosis. A Pilot Study Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Dec, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16411411 Correspondence of Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging to Direct Mechanical Measurement in Aging DVT in Rats Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. Oct, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16223638 The Role of Inflammation in Early and Late Venous Thrombosis: Are There Clinical Implications? Seminars in Vascular Surgery. Sep, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16168886 Decreased Venous Thrombosis with an Oral Inhibitor of P Selectin Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Aug, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16102635 Severe Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Magnitude of the Problem and Consequences Annals of Vascular Surgery. Sep, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16034514 Vein Wall Remodeling After Deep Vein Thrombosis Involves Matrix Metalloproteinases and Late Fibrosis in a Mouse Model Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Jul, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16012463 L-selectin-mediated Neutrophil Recruitment in Experimental Rodent Aneurysm Formation Circulation. Jul, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15998669 Inflammation-dependent Thrombosis Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library. 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15970530 Osteomyelitis of the Foot and Toe in Adults is a Surgical Disease: Conservative Management Worsens Lower Extremity Salvage Annals of Surgery. Jun, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15912038 The Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis, Including the Newer Agents Disease-a-month : DM. Feb-Mar, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15900261 Gender Differences in Deep Venous Thrombosis in a Rat Model: a Preliminary Study Comparative Medicine. Feb, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15766210 Macrovascular Thrombosis is Driven by Tissue Factor Derived Primarily from the Blood Vessel Wall Blood. Jan, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15339841 Venous Thromboembolism: Regional Differences in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1993 to 2000 Vascular. Nov-Dec, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15895761 Revision of the CEAP Classification for Chronic Venous Disorders: Consensus Statement Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Dec, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15622385 Staging Deep Venous Thrombosis Using Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging: Animal Model Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. Oct, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15582239 Deep Vein Thrombosis Resolution is Not Accelerated with Increased Neovascularization Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Sep, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15337885 Deep Vein Thrombosis Resolution is Modulated by Monocyte CXCR2-mediated Activity in a Mouse Model Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Jun, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15105284 Neutropenia Impairs Venous Thrombosis Resolution in the Rat Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Nov, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14603221 P-selectin and Leukocyte Microparticles Are Associated with Venous Thrombogenesis Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Nov, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14603220 Factor VIII and Race: a New Dimension in Hypercoagulability Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Nov, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14597967 P-selectin Inhibition Decreases Post-thrombotic Vein Wall Fibrosis in a Rat Model Surgery. Aug, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12947342 Cellular IL-10 is More Effective Than Viral IL-10 in Decreasing Venous Thrombosis The Journal of Surgical Research. Jun, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12888334 Clinical Application of Sonographic Elasticity Imaging for Aging of Deep Venous Thrombosis: Preliminary Findings Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. May, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12751855 P-selectin Inhibition Enhances Thrombus Resolution and Decreases Vein Wall Fibrosis in a Rat Model Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Nov, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12422103 Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm is Associated with a Low Incidence of Deep Venous Thrombosis Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Nov, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12422100 Southern Association for Vascular Surgery William J. Von Leibig Award. Inflammation and Intimal Hyperplasia Associated with Experimental Pulmonary Embolism Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Sep, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12218985 Compression Stockings and Venous Function Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). Sep, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12215163 Tissue Loss, Early Primary Graft Occlusion, Female Gender, and a Prohibitive Failure Rate of Secondary Infrainguinal Arterial Reconstruction Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. May, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12021705 Pediatric Splanchnic Arterial Occlusive Disease: Clinical Relevance and Operative Treatment Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. May, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12021699 Cost of Routine Screening for Carotid and Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Apr, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11932675 Variation in Death Rate After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy in the United States: Impact of Hospital Volume, Gender, and Age Annals of Surgery. Apr, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11923615 Impaired Vasoreactivity Despite an Increase in Plasma Nitrite in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Journal of Vascular Surgery : Official Publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter. Feb, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11854736 Elektrolytisk Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) för venös trombos Jose A. Diaz1, Shirley K. Wrobleski1, Angela E. Hawley1, Benedict R. Lucchesi2, Thomas W. Wakefield1, Daniel D. Myers, Jr.1 1Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, 2Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan JoVE 2737 Medicine Mus Komplett Stasis modell av sämre Vena Cava Trombos Shirley K. Wrobleski1, Diana M. Farris1, José A. Diaz1, Daniel D. Myers Jr.1, Thomas W. Wakefield1 1Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan JoVE 2738 Medicine
Elektrolytisk Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) för venös trombos Jose A. Diaz1, Shirley K. Wrobleski1, Angela E. Hawley1, Benedict R. Lucchesi2, Thomas W. Wakefield1, Daniel D. Myers, Jr.1 1Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, 2Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan JoVE 2737 Medicine
Mus Komplett Stasis modell av sämre Vena Cava Trombos Shirley K. Wrobleski1, Diana M. Farris1, José A. Diaz1, Daniel D. Myers Jr.1, Thomas W. Wakefield1 1Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan JoVE 2738 Medicine