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JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
Cancer Research
循环 miRNA 提取:一种通过有机提取和小 RNA 富集从血浆样品中分离 miRNA 的方法
循环 miRNA 提取:一种通过有机提取和小 RNA 富集从血浆样品中分离 miRNA 的方法
Encyclopedia of Experiments
Cancer Research
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Encyclopedia of Experiments Cancer Research
Circulating miRNA Extraction: A Method to Isolate miRNA from Plasma Samples Via Organic Extraction and Small RNA Enrichment

循环 miRNA 提取:一种通过有机提取和小 RNA 富集从血浆样品中分离 miRNA 的方法

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04:33 min
April 30, 2023
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Transcript

- MicroRNA 或 miRNA 是小的非编码 RNA,通过降解 mRNA 或阻断其翻译成功能性蛋白质来调节基因表达。循环 miRNA 是潜在的癌症生物标志物,可从血浆等体液中提取。首先,将血浆与变性溶液混合,同时使样品匀浆并抑制 RNA 降解的核糖核酸酶。

用酸性苯酚-氯仿处理并离心,将样品分成两相,一个下层有机相含有 DNA 和蛋白质,上层水相含有 RNA。回收水相。加入无水乙醇以从溶液中沉淀 RNA。

将样品乙醇浓度提高到 25%,以设置有利于大 RNA 分离的初始条件。将混合物转移到预组装的滤芯中并离心。大 RNA 选择性地固定在过滤器上,而较小的 miRNA 则聚集在滤液中。

随后,将乙醇浓度增加到 55% 以支持 miRNA 分离。将滤液转移到新的过滤柱中并离心以捕获 miRNA。将小柱放在收集管上,并加入合适的洗脱缓冲液。离心以将 miRNA 洗脱到试管中。在以下方案中,我们将展示从结直肠癌患者血浆中分离的循环 miRNA。

首先,将 400 μL 血浆样品转移到不含 RNase 的 2 ml 试管中。然后,向试管中加入 400 微升变性溶液。加入 4 微升 1 纳摩尔加标。

混合溶液后,加入 800 微升酸性苯酚-氯仿。涡旋溶液 60 秒,然后以最大速度离心 15 分钟。接下来,将上层水相中包含的裂解物转移到干净的试管中,注意不要干扰界面。

测量回收的水相的体积,并向裂解物中加入 1/3 体积的乙醇。然后,将滤芯放入新的收集管中。将多达 700 μL 的乙醇裂解物混合物转移到滤筒中。以 10,000 x g

的离心速度离心滤芯 30 秒。

接下来,测量流出物的总体积。然后,向滤液中加入 2/3 体积的乙醇并充分混合。将第二个滤芯放入新的收集管中。然后,将多达 700 μL 的样品转移到小柱中,并以 10,000 x g 离心 30 秒,然后丢弃流通液。

向滤筒中加入 700 μL microRNA 洗涤液,并用收集管以 10,000 x g 的速度离心 15 秒。丢弃流通液,将滤芯放回同一管中。

在此之后,将滤芯移至新的收集管中。然后,向小柱中加入 100 μL 预热的洗脱液。将滤筒以 10,000 x g 离心 30 秒以回收 microRNA。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • MicroRNAs - Small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
  • Circulating miRNAs - miRNAs in body fluids used as possible cancer biomarkers.
  • Denaturing Solution - Homogenizes the sample and inhibits RNA-degrading ribonucleases.
  • Acid phenol-chloroform - Used to separate the sample into distinct phases.
  • Elution Buffer - A solution added to elute miRNAs into a collection tube.

Scientific Background

  • Introduce MicroRNAs - Small molecules regulating gene expression (e.g., mirna).
  • Key Concepts – Summarize the roles and potential of miRNAs in cancer research (e.g., mirna plasma kit).
  • Underlying Mechanisms – miRNAs are isolated using specific procedures (e.g., mirvana isolation kit).
  • Connect to Experiment – The study utilizes miRNA isolation from plasma samples.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What are MicroRNAs and how to extract them (using mirna extraction kits)?
  • How does the process of miRNA isolation work (using mirvana paris kit)?
  • What is the role of circulating miRNAs in cancer research?

Applications and Relevance

  • Practical Applications – miRNAs in diagnostics, research, and treatment (e.g., micro rna isolation).
  • Industry Impact – Impacting biotech, healthcare sectors (e.g., s1122-1830).
  • Societal Importance – Potential benefits in early disease detection (e.g., miRNA isolation protocol).
  • Link to Scientific Advancements – Emergence of advanced extraction kits (e.g., mirna plasma extraction kit).

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