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JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
Cancer Research
基于 CUBIC 的蛋白质表达可视化:在全层小鼠皮肤活检中可视化蛋白质表达的程序
基于 CUBIC 的蛋白质表达可视化:在全层小鼠皮肤活检中可视化蛋白质表达的程序
Encyclopedia of Experiments
Cancer Research
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Encyclopedia of Experiments Cancer Research
CUBIC-based Protein Expression Visualization: A Procedure for Visualizing Protein Expression in Full Thickness Mouse Skin Biopsies

基于 CUBIC 的蛋白质表达可视化:在全层小鼠皮肤活检中可视化蛋白质表达的程序

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05:50 min
April 30, 2023
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- 皮肤是一个复杂的器官,由多层排列的不同细胞群组成。CUBIC 是一种基于组织透明化的三维成像技术,有助于使用全皮肤活检来可视化这些皮肤细胞内的蛋白质表达模式。首先取一只被安乐死的老鼠,去除其颈部背侧区域的毛发。切出一块皮,切成小块。

将碎片浸入 CUBIC1 透明溶液中并孵育。皮肤细胞是不透明的,因为存在导致光散射的发色团和脂质。CUBIC 溶液中的化学物质去除这些分子,从而减少光散射并使组织透明。

接下来,用所需的一抗处理组织,这些一抗与皮肤细胞中表达的靶细胞内蛋白特异性结合。此外,用与蛋白质 - 一抗复合物结合的荧光标记的二抗处理。用对细胞核进行染色的 DNA 结合染料对组织进行复染。

最后,将样品浸入 CUBIC2 溶液中。该解决方案进一步减少了组织内的光散射,使其对成像更加透明。在共聚焦显微镜下观察,以观察三维样品中荧光标记的感兴趣区域。以下方案允许使用 CUBIC 方案在整个安装皮肤活检中可视化角质形成细胞增殖标志物的表达。

- 首先使用修剪器剃掉安乐死小鼠脖子上的毛发,注意不要伤到皮肤。然后,用 70% 乙醇的 PBS 溶液净化皮肤。接下来,用镊子提起颈部背侧皮肤,用剪刀去除大约 1.5 x 4 厘米的小鼠背侧皮肤区域。然后,在一张滤纸上将皮肤平整,真皮面朝下,记下样品的前后方向,并在解剖的皮肤周围修剪纸。

- 为了获得最佳成像效果,皮肤样本需要保持平坦,毛囊方向一致。为了将样本保持在适当的前后位置,我们在矩形活检中将皮肤块固定在滤纸上。

- 将样品转移至装有新鲜制备的 4% PFA PBS 溶液的 15 mL 试管中。然后,当它们牢固地固定在滤纸上时,将样品转移到新的 15 mL PBS 管中,进行两次 5 分钟的洗涤。

为了在第二次洗涤后清除皮肤活检,使用锋利的剃须刀片将组织切成大约 0.2 x 0.5 厘米的小块,注意沿样品的前后方向切割样品的较长边。

- 平行于毛囊方向切割活检的较长一侧也有助于避免大面积的毛囊损伤。

- 然后,将活检细胞浸入 5 毫升新鲜制备的 CUBIC1 透明化溶液中,放入新的 15 毫升试管中,并将试管放在 37 摄氏度杂交炉中的旋转平台上。组织块透明后,在 4 毫升 PBS 中洗涤活检,在 37 摄氏度下洗涤四次,每次 6 小时,然后在 PBS 中以每体积 20% 重量的蔗糖洗涤 4 小时 37 摄氏度。

孵育结束时,将每个样品在最佳切割温度化合物中单独 15 mL 试管中在零下 80 摄氏度下冷冻过夜,以增加组织对抗体渗透的渗透性。

第二天早上,用适当的抗体和感兴趣的重要染料对皮肤样品进行染色。然后,将标本放入 1 毫升新鲜制备的 CUBIC2 透明化溶液中,放入 2 毫升试管中,在 37 摄氏度的烘箱中,在 37 摄氏度的烘箱中孵育 24 小时,以使组织的折射率均匀。

当组织透明时,将活检物沿着单个玻璃盖玻片的较长一侧放置,使毛囊生长的方向平行于盖玻片表面。将一滴 CUBIC2 溶液滴在组织上。将两条 1 毫米 x 2 厘米的蓝色粘性条放在盖玻片上。然后,用第二个盖玻片盖住活检。

接下来,将成像室放在共聚焦显微镜载物台上,并将组织移动到光路中。使用适当的光源和标准落射荧光滤光片,扫描样品以识别感兴趣的荧光染色区域。然后,获取感兴趣区域的荧光共聚焦图像。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • CUBIC - A tissue clearing and three-dimensional imaging technique for cell visualization.
  • CUBIC2 - The solution used to further reduce light scattering, enhances tissue transparency.
  • Protein Visualization - Process of marking proteins to visually track their expression levels.
  • 3D Sample - Biological sample that can be analyzed in three dimensions.
  • CUBIC cleared mouse - Mouse skin sample that's been made transparent by the CUBIC technique.

Scientific Background

  • Introduce CUBIC - Transparentizes tissue for 3D imaging of cellular proteins (e.g., cubic2).
  • Key Concepts - Uses specific chemical solutions to remove light scattering molecules (e.g., theory).
  • Underlying Mechanisms - Marker proteins and DNA-binding dyes are used for visualization.
  • Connect to Experiment - Describes a step by step procedure of utilizing CUBIC method on mouse skin samples.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What is the CUBIC and CUBIC2 method and how to make tissue transparent for imaging?
  • What are the key concepts behind skin tissue clearing and protein visualization?
  • How does the addition of marker proteins and DNA-binding dye aid in cellular visualization?

Applications and Relevance

  • Practical Applications - CUBIC method assists in studying skin cell's protein expression (e.g., protein visualization).
  • Industry Impact - Biomedical industry benefitting from 3D imaging of cells (e.g., healthcare).
  • Societal Importance - Enhanced understanding of cell structure and function (e.g., cubic_video).
  • Link to Scientific Advancements - Advances in 3D imaging and pathology analysis.

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